Copy the kinetic data below (concentration vs time) into a spreadsheet program (Excel or equivalent). Plot concentration vs time, In(concentration) vs. time, and 1/concentrationvs time. Based on the linearity of these plots, was this reaction zeroth, first, or second order?Time (s)Concentration (M)01.1110.9220.7830.6840.650.5460.4970.4580.4190.38100.36110.33120.31

Approach to solving the question: chemical kinetics Detailed explanation: Key references: Atkins

Answered: Copy the kinetic data below…

Chemistry: Matter and Change

1st Edition

ISBN:9780078746376

Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom

Publisher:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom

Chapter16: Reaction Rates

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 69A

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Candle wax is a mixture of hydrocarbons. In the reaction of oxygen with candle w ax in Figure 11.2, the rate of consumption of oxygen decreased with time after the flask was covered, and eventually' the flame went out. From the perspective of the kinetic-molecular theory, describe what is happening in the flask. FIGURE 11.2 When a candle burns in a closed container, the flame will diminish and eventually go out. As the amount of oxygen present decreases, the rate of combustion will also decrease. Eventually, the rate of combustion is no longer sufficient to sustain the flame even though there is still some oxygen present in the vessel.
From the given data, use a graphical method to determine the order and rate constant of the following reaction: 2XY+Z Time (s) 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 [X](M) 0.0990 0.0497 0.0332 0.0249 0.0200 0.0166 0.0143 0.0125
The hydrolysis of the sugar sucrose to the sugars glucose and fructose, C12H22O11+H2OC6H12O6+C6H12O6 follows a first-order rate equation for the disappearance of sucrose: Rate =k[C12H22O11] (The products of the reaction, glucose and fructose, have the same molecular formulas but differ in the arrangement of the atoms in their molecules.) (a) In neutral solution, k=2.11011s1 at 27 C and 8.51011s1 at 37 C. Determine the activation energy, the frequency factor, and the rate constant for this equation at 47 C (assuming the kinetics remain consistent with the Arrhenius equation at this temperature). (b) When a solution of sucrose with an initial concentration of 0.150 M reaches equilibrium, the concentration of sucrose is 1.65107M . How long will it take the solution to reach equilibrium at 27 C in the absence of a catalyst? Because the concentration of sucrose at equilibrium is so low, assume that the reaction is irreversible. (c) Why does assuming that the reaction is irreversible simplify the calculation in pan (b)?
Phenyl acetate, an ester, reacts with water according to the equation The data in the table were collected for this reaction at 5 C. (a) Plot the phenyl acetate concentration versus time, and describe the shape of the curve observed. (b) Calculate the rate of change of the phenyl acetate concentration during the period 15.0 seconds to 30.0 seconds and also during the period 75.0 seconds to 90.0 seconds. Why is one value smaller than the other?
The initial rate for a reaction is equal to the slope of the tangent line at t 0 in a plot of [A] versus time. From calculus, initial rate = d[A]dt . Therefore. the differential rate law for a reaction is Rate = d[A]dt=k[A]n. Assuming you have some calculus in your background, derive the zero-, first-, and second-order integrated rate laws using the differential rate law.
The thermal decomposition of diacetylene, C4H2, was studied at 950 C. Use the following data (K. C. Hou and H. B. Palmer, Journal of Physical Chemistry. Vol. 60, p. 858, 1965) to determine the order of the reaction.
11.32 The following experimental data were obtained for the reaction 2A + 3 B—C + 2D [A](mol L 1) [B](mol L ’) Rate = A(C]/Af (mol L-1 s-1) 0.127 0.15 0.033 0.127 0.30 0.132 0.255 0.15 0.066 Determine the reaction order for each reactant and the value of the rate constant.
The reaction H2SeO3(aq) + 6I-(aq) + 4H+(aq) Se(s) + 2I-3(aq) + 3H2O(l) was studied at 0C, and the following data were obtained: [H2SeO3]0 (mol/L) [H+]0 (mol/L) [I]0(mol/L) Initial Rate (mol/L s) 1.0 104 2.0 102 2.0 102 1.66 107 2.0 104 2.0 102 2.0 10-2 3.33 107 3.0 104 2.0 102 2.0 102 4.99 107 1.0 104 4.0 102 2.0 102 6.66 107 1.0 104 1.0 102 2.0 102 0.42 107 1.0 104 2.0 102 4.0 102 13.2 107 1.0 104 1.0 102 4.0 102 3.36 107 These relationships hold only if there is a very small amount of I3 present. What is the rate law and the value of the rate constant? (Assumethatrate=[H2SeO3]t)
6. Phenyl acetate, an ester, reacts with water according to the equation The data in the table were collected for this reaction at 5°C. Time (s) [Phenyl acetate] (mol/L) 0 0.55 15.0 0.42 30.0 0.31 45.0 0.23 60.0 0.17 75.0 0.12 90.0 0.085 Plot the phenyl acetate concentration versus time, and describe the shape of the curve observed. Calculate the rate of change of the phenyl acetate concentration during the period 15.0 seconds to 30.0 seconds and also during the period 75.0 seconds to 90.0 seconds. Why is one value smaller than the other? What is the rate of change of the phenyl acetate concentration during the time period 60.0 seconds to 75.0 seconds? What is the instantaneous rate at 15.0 seconds?
Kinetics II You and a friend are working together in order to obtain as much kinetic information as possible about the reaction A(g)B(g)+C(g). One thing you know before performing the experiments is that the reaction is zero order, first order, or second order with respect to A. Your friend goes off, runs the experiment, and brings back the following graph. a After studying the curve of the graph, she declares that the reaction is second order, with a corresponding rate law of Rate = k[A]2. Judging solely on the basis of the information presented in this plot, is she correct in her statement that the reaction must be second order? Here are some data collected from her experiment: Time (s) [A] 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.14 3.0 2.5 103 5.0 4.5 105 7.0 8.3 107 b The half-life of the reaction is 0.35 s. Do these data support the reaction being second order, or is it something else? Try to reach a conclusive answer without graphing the data. c What is the rate constant for the reaction? d The mechanism for this reaction is found to be a two-step process, with intermediates X and Y. The first step of the reaction is the rate-determining step. Write a possible mechanism for the reaction. e You perform additional experiments and find that the rate constant doubles in value when you increase the temperature by 10oC. Your lab partner doesnt understand why the rate constant changes in this manner. What could you say to your partner to help her understand? Feel free to use figures and pictures as part of your explanation.
You are studying the kinetics of the reaction H2(g) + F2(g) 2HF(g) and you wish to determine a mechanism for the reaction. You run the reaction twice by keeping one reactant at a much higher pressure than the other reactant (this lower-pressure reactant begins at 1.000 atm). Unfortunately, you neglect to record which reactant was at the higher pressure, and you forget which it was later. Your data for the first experiment are: Pressure of HF (atm) Time(min) 0 0 0.300 30.0 0.600 65.8 0.900 110.4 1.200 169.1 1.500 255.9 When you ran the second experiment (in which the higher pressure reactant was run at a much higher pressure), you determine the values of the apparent rate constants to be the same. It also turns out that you find data taken from another person in the lab. This individual found that the reaction proceeds 40.0 times faster at 55C than at 35C. You also know, from the energy-level diagram, that there are three steps to the mechanism, and the first step has the highest activation energy. You look up the bond energies of the species involved and they are (in kJ/mol): H8H (432), F8F (154), and H8F (565). a. Sketch an energy-level diagram (qualitative) that is consistent with the one described previously. Hint: See Exercise 106. b. Develop a reasonable mechanism for the reaction. c. Which reactant was limiting in the experiments?
Consider the following hypothetical data collected in two studies of the reaction 2A+2BC+2D Time(s) Experiment 1 [A] (mol/L) Experiment 2 [A] (mol/L) 0 1.0 102 1.0 102 10. 8.4 103 5.0 103 20. 7.1 103 2.5 103 30. ? 1.3 103 40. 5.0 103 6.3 104 In Experiment 1, [B]0 = 10.0 M. In Experiment 2, [B]0 = 20.0 M. Rate=[A]t a. Use the concentration versus time data to determine the rate law for the reaction. b. Solve for the value of the rate constant (k) for the reaction. Include units. c. Calculate the concentration of A in Experiment 1 at t =30.s

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