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continued to lobby for more government support in cooperative development. These were mainly in the areas of financing and access to capital for cooperatives, infrastructural support, the creation of a favorable marketing environment for these organizations and the formalization and institutionalization of the cooperative movement." The movement also neeđed to fill in gaps left by state agencies such as the CDA, the Department of Agriculture (DA) and the Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP). Thus, the cooperative movement has sought to define the area of governance in the cooperative movement. By doing so, it brings forth the reality of power dependence whereby the outcome of exchange is determined not only by the resources of the participants but also by the rules of the game and the context of the exchange." In this situation, the cooperative movement has defined its relationship with the

continued to lobby for more government support in cooperative development. These were mainly in the areas of financing and access to capital for cooperatives, infrastructural support, the creation of a favorable marketing environment for these organizations and the formalization and institutionalization of the cooperative movement." The movement also neeđed to fill in gaps left by state agencies such as the CDA, the Department of Agriculture (DA) and the Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP). Thus, the cooperative movement has sought to define the area of governance in the cooperative movement. By doing so, it brings forth the reality of power dependence whereby the outcome of exchange is determined not only by the resources of the participants but also by the rules of the game and the context of the exchange." In this situation, the cooperative movement has defined its relationship with the

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Despite the implementation of a new code, the cooperative movement continued to lobby for more government support in cooperative development. These were mainly in the areas of financing and access to capital for cooperatives, infrastructural support, the creation of a favorable marketing environment for these organizations and the formalization and institutionalization of the cooperative movement.0 The movement also needed to fill in gaps left by state agencies such as the CDA, the Department of Agriculture (DA) and the Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP). Thus, the cooperative movement has sought to define the area of governance in the cooperative movement. By doing so, it brings forth the reality of power dependence whereby the outcome of exchange is determined not only by the resources of the participants but also by the rules of the game and the context of the exchange." In this situation, the cooperative movement has defined its relationship with the government, particularly the specific responsibilities the government has to perform to help the cooperative movement. In return, the cooperative movement has shown to the government that it is also doing its share in strengthening these organizations. An attempt of the cooperative movement in strengthening their bargaining position in a relationship of power dependence is seen in its move to create a more favorable environment for cooperative organizing by supporting candidates during the national and local elections who are deemed "pro- 29. Cooperative Development Authority, A Primer, n.d. 30. Romualdo B. Gattud, "Cooperatives amidst the Current National Crisis," Angkoop 2, n. 5 (September-October 1990). 31. Stoker, "From Govemment to Govemance. 260. people" and "pro-cooperative." Upon the institutionalization of the party- list system, the cooperative organizations, such as the National Confederation of Cooperatives (NATCCO) and the Association of Philippine Electric Chapter 12: The Cooperative as a Vehiclo for Empowerment, Development, and Democratization 255 Cooperatives (APEC), also took it upon themselves to organize their own political parties to run for elections.
Transcribed Image Text:Despite the implementation of a new code, the cooperative movement continued to lobby for more government support in cooperative development. These were mainly in the areas of financing and access to capital for cooperatives, infrastructural support, the creation of a favorable marketing environment for these organizations and the formalization and institutionalization of the cooperative movement.0 The movement also needed to fill in gaps left by state agencies such as the CDA, the Department of Agriculture (DA) and the Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP). Thus, the cooperative movement has sought to define the area of governance in the cooperative movement. By doing so, it brings forth the reality of power dependence whereby the outcome of exchange is determined not only by the resources of the participants but also by the rules of the game and the context of the exchange." In this situation, the cooperative movement has defined its relationship with the government, particularly the specific responsibilities the government has to perform to help the cooperative movement. In return, the cooperative movement has shown to the government that it is also doing its share in strengthening these organizations. An attempt of the cooperative movement in strengthening their bargaining position in a relationship of power dependence is seen in its move to create a more favorable environment for cooperative organizing by supporting candidates during the national and local elections who are deemed "pro- 29. Cooperative Development Authority, A Primer, n.d. 30. Romualdo B. Gattud, "Cooperatives amidst the Current National Crisis," Angkoop 2, n. 5 (September-October 1990). 31. Stoker, "From Govemment to Govemance. 260. people" and "pro-cooperative." Upon the institutionalization of the party- list system, the cooperative organizations, such as the National Confederation of Cooperatives (NATCCO) and the Association of Philippine Electric Chapter 12: The Cooperative as a Vehiclo for Empowerment, Development, and Democratization 255 Cooperatives (APEC), also took it upon themselves to organize their own political parties to run for elections.
10:33 PM L 100 4 + Philippine Politics and... The Political Vision for an Alternative Cooperative Movement After the 1986 People Power Revolution, a faction of the Philippine Left chose to devote its energies into development work with the end goal of empowering the marginalized sectors in Philippines society. In the rural areas, the cooperative became one of the potent vehicles. Two major proponents of this were former NDF head Horacio "Boy" Morales and former NPA commander Bernabe "Commander Dante" Buscayno. Upon his release from prison in 1986, the Cooperative Foundation of the Morales became the Executive Director Philippines Inc. (CFPI), a quasi-government agency. Morales transformed the CFPI into a vehicle for improving the socioeconomic conditions of the people in a just and democratic environment. For him, this was only possible when the people had equal and direct access to and control over political and economic power for sustainable development. It was in this context that the CFPI sought to promote, organize and develop cooperatives for the poor as instruments for social justice and people empowerment.20 Such a view was also shared by Buscayno, although their strategies would differ. That is, Morales chose to focus his energies on improving the cooperative movement by networking with other players in the movement at the national level while Buscayno chose to devote his cooperative efforts on his home province of Tarlac and expanding to other neighboring provinces of Nueva Ecija and Pampanga with the help of the Aquino administration. CFPI's advocacy campaign, together with other members of the cooperative movement, aimed to come out with a new cooperative code that would create an environment favorable to cooperative organizing. This was given an impetus when Morales was appointed by the Aquino administration to head a newly established task force after the 1986 People Power Revolution to assess the role cooperatives could play under the new political dispensation. Together with other players of the cooperative movement, CFPI lobbied for new cooperative laws that bore fruit on March 10, 1990, when two laws on cooperatives were promulgated. These were RA 6938 known as the Cooperative Code of the Philippines, creating an organic law for cooperatives, and RA 6939, 27. "Cooperatives: Dreams and Reality,* Kabalikat: The Development Worker, March 1990, 1, 4. 28. Anna Teh, "CFPI; Real- firming Its Commitment to People Empowement, Angkoop, March June 1990, 6. Philippine Politics and Governance: Challenges to Democratization and Development 254 establishing the Cooperative Development Authority (CDA) as the government agency to implement the Cooperative Code. The CDA seeks to "foster and promote the growth and viability of cooperatives among people of limited means" with the objectives of "harnessing people power, assuring their self-reliance and nurturing their economic well-being toward the establishment of a just and equitable society."2 (CDA Primer: n.d.) This new code was significant in that it spelled out the relationship between the cooperatives and the government. It also got rid of' and regulations for the different types of cooperatives. R the cooperative movement's autonomy vis-à-vis the CD. official recognition that cooperatives were autonomous, p.... and must be primarily responsible for cooperative development. The role of the government was a supportive one, participating only in direct developmental activity when necessary. Despite the implementation of a new code, the cooperative movement continued to lobby for more government support in cooperative development. These were mainly in the areas of financing and access to capital for cooperatives, infrastructural support, the creation of a favorable marketing environment for these organizations and the formalization and institutionalization of the cooperative movement.0 The movement also neeđed to fill in gaps left by state agencies such as the CDA, the Department of Agriculture (DA) and the Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP). Thus, the cooperative movement has sought to define the area of governance in the cooperative movement. By doing so, it brings forth the reality of power dependence whereby the outcome of exchange is determined not only by the resources of the participants 272 / 323
Transcribed Image Text:10:33 PM L 100 4 + Philippine Politics and... The Political Vision for an Alternative Cooperative Movement After the 1986 People Power Revolution, a faction of the Philippine Left chose to devote its energies into development work with the end goal of empowering the marginalized sectors in Philippines society. In the rural areas, the cooperative became one of the potent vehicles. Two major proponents of this were former NDF head Horacio "Boy" Morales and former NPA commander Bernabe "Commander Dante" Buscayno. Upon his release from prison in 1986, the Cooperative Foundation of the Morales became the Executive Director Philippines Inc. (CFPI), a quasi-government agency. Morales transformed the CFPI into a vehicle for improving the socioeconomic conditions of the people in a just and democratic environment. For him, this was only possible when the people had equal and direct access to and control over political and economic power for sustainable development. It was in this context that the CFPI sought to promote, organize and develop cooperatives for the poor as instruments for social justice and people empowerment.20 Such a view was also shared by Buscayno, although their strategies would differ. That is, Morales chose to focus his energies on improving the cooperative movement by networking with other players in the movement at the national level while Buscayno chose to devote his cooperative efforts on his home province of Tarlac and expanding to other neighboring provinces of Nueva Ecija and Pampanga with the help of the Aquino administration. CFPI's advocacy campaign, together with other members of the cooperative movement, aimed to come out with a new cooperative code that would create an environment favorable to cooperative organizing. This was given an impetus when Morales was appointed by the Aquino administration to head a newly established task force after the 1986 People Power Revolution to assess the role cooperatives could play under the new political dispensation. Together with other players of the cooperative movement, CFPI lobbied for new cooperative laws that bore fruit on March 10, 1990, when two laws on cooperatives were promulgated. These were RA 6938 known as the Cooperative Code of the Philippines, creating an organic law for cooperatives, and RA 6939, 27. "Cooperatives: Dreams and Reality,* Kabalikat: The Development Worker, March 1990, 1, 4. 28. Anna Teh, "CFPI; Real- firming Its Commitment to People Empowement, Angkoop, March June 1990, 6. Philippine Politics and Governance: Challenges to Democratization and Development 254 establishing the Cooperative Development Authority (CDA) as the government agency to implement the Cooperative Code. The CDA seeks to "foster and promote the growth and viability of cooperatives among people of limited means" with the objectives of "harnessing people power, assuring their self-reliance and nurturing their economic well-being toward the establishment of a just and equitable society."2 (CDA Primer: n.d.) This new code was significant in that it spelled out the relationship between the cooperatives and the government. It also got rid of' and regulations for the different types of cooperatives. R the cooperative movement's autonomy vis-à-vis the CD. official recognition that cooperatives were autonomous, p.... and must be primarily responsible for cooperative development. The role of the government was a supportive one, participating only in direct developmental activity when necessary. Despite the implementation of a new code, the cooperative movement continued to lobby for more government support in cooperative development. These were mainly in the areas of financing and access to capital for cooperatives, infrastructural support, the creation of a favorable marketing environment for these organizations and the formalization and institutionalization of the cooperative movement.0 The movement also neeđed to fill in gaps left by state agencies such as the CDA, the Department of Agriculture (DA) and the Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP). Thus, the cooperative movement has sought to define the area of governance in the cooperative movement. By doing so, it brings forth the reality of power dependence whereby the outcome of exchange is determined not only by the resources of the participants 272 / 323
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