Compare backtracking and branch and bound

(Practice) Evaluate the following mixed-mode expressions and list the data type of the result. In evaluating the expressions, be aware of the data types of all intermediate calculations. a.10.0+15/2+4.3b.10.0+15.0/2+4.3c.3.04/6+6d.34.0/6+6e.20.02/6+3f.10+173+4g.10+17/3.0+4h.3.046+6i.10+173+4

A problem-solving procedure that requires executing one or more comparison and branch instructions is called a(n) __________.

(Practice) Show how the name KINGSLEY is stored in a computer that uses the ASCII code by drawing a diagram similar to Figure 2.7, shown previously.

(Electrical eng.) a. Write, compile, and run a C++ program that calculates and displays the value of the current flowing through an RC circuit (see Figure 3.19). The circuit consists of a battery connected in a series to a switch, a resistor, and a capacitor. When the switch is closed, the current, i, flowing through the circuit is given by this formula: i=(EIR)et/RC Eisthevoltageofthebatteryinvolts.Risthevalueoftheresistorinohms.Cisthevalueofthecapacitorinfarads.tisthetimeinsecondsaftertheswitchisclosed.eisEulersnumber,whichis2.71828( roundedtofivedecimalplaces). Using this formula, write, compile, and run a C++ program to determine the voltage across the capacitor shown in Figure 3.19 when t is 0.31 seconds. (Note: The value of RC is referred to as the system’s time constant.) The program should prompt the user to enter appropriate values and use input statements to accept the data. In constructing the prompts, use statements such as “Enter the voltage of the battery.” Verify your program’s operation by calculating by hand the current for the following test data: Testdataset1:Voltage=20volts,R=10ohms,RC=0.044,t=0.023secondsTestdataset2:Voltage=35volts,R=10ohms,RC=0.16,t=0.067seconds b. Check the value computed by your program by hand. After verifying that your program is working correctly, use it to complete the following chart:

(Data processing) a. A national medical testing laboratory wants a new computer system to analyze its test results. The system must be capable of processing each day’s results as well as retrieving and outputting a printed report of all results meeting certain criteria, such as all results for a particular doctor or for hospitals in a certain state. Determine three or four major program units into which this system could be separated. (Hint: One possible program unit is “Prepare Daily Results” to create each day’s reports.) b. Suppose someone enters incorrect data for a test result, and the error is discovered after the system has entered and stored the data. What program unit is needed to correct this problem? Discuss why such a program unit might or might not be required by most systems. c. A program unit has been developed that allows users to change data that has been entered and stored incorrectly. Discuss the need for including an “audit trail” that would allow reconstructing the changes later as well as when they were made and who made them.

(Civil eng.) Modify the program written for Exercise 9 to determine the maximum load that can be placed at the end of an 8-foot I-beam, shown in Figure 2.21, so that the stress on the fixed end is 20,000lbs/in2. Use the fact that this beam’s rectangular moment of inertia is 21.4 in4 and the value of c is 3 in.

In a CPU, _______ arithmetic generally is easier to implement than _______ arithmetic because of a simpler data coding scheme and data manipulation circuitry.

(Mechanical eng.) The minimum radius required for a cylindrical rod, such as one supporting a bicycle pedal (see Figure 2.22), to provide enough support for the pressure exerted by the rider’s foot yet not exceed the stress placed on the crank arm’s sprocket attachment, is given by this formula: r3=dPS r is the radius of the cylindrical rod in inches. d is the length of the crank arm in inches. P is the weight placed on the pedal in lbs. S is the stress in lbs/in2. Using this information, design, write, compile, and run a C++ program that computes the value of r for a crank arm that’s 7 inches long, accommodates a maximum weight of 300 lbs, and is able to sustain a stress of 10,000 lbs/in2.

(Civil eng.) The maximum load that can be placed at the end of a symmetrical wooden beam, such as the rectangular beam shown in Figure 2.20, can be calculated as the following: L=S1dc L is the maximum weight in lbs of the load placed on the beam. S is the stress in lbs/in2. I is the beam’s rectangular moment of inertia in units of in4. d is the distance in inches that the load is placed from the fixed end of the beam (the “moment arm”). c is one-half the height in inches of the symmetrical beam. For a 2” × 4” wooden beam, the rectangular moment of inertia is given by this formula: I=baseheight3=12=24312=10.674 c=(4in)=2in a. Using this information, design, write, compile, and run a C++ program that computes the maximum load in lbs that can be placed at the end of an 8-foot 24 wooden beam so that the stress on the fixed end is 3000lb/in2. b. Use the program developed in Exercise 9a to determine the maximum load in lbs that can be placed at the end of a 3” × 6” wooden beam so that the stress on the fixed end is 3000lb/in2.