(Comparative Advantage) Suppose that each US worker can produce 8 units of food or 2 units of clothing daily. In Fredonia, which has the same number of workers, each worker can produce 7 units of food or 1 unit of clothing daily. Why does the US have an absolute advantage in both goods? Which country enjoys a comparative advantage in food? Why?
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- Greece and Italy both produce olive oil and cheese. With the same amount of labour Greece produces 15,000 tonnes of cheese per year and 12,000 barrels of olive oil and Italy produces 25,000 tonnes of cheese and 15,000 barrels of olive oil. Determine and explain the comparative advantage for each country. (Show your working)(Figure: The Production Possibility Frontiers for Kansas and Wisconsin) Use Figure: The Production Possibility Frontiers for Kansas and Wisconsin. In autarky, Kansas produces and consumes 30 gallons of milk and 80 bushels of corn, while Wisconsin produces and consumes 80 gallons of milk and 60 bushels of corn. If the two states engage in trade, with each state specializing in the good in which it has a comparative advantage, world production of milk will: Kansas Wisconsin Corn (bushels) Corn (bushels) 225 225 2004 200 175 175 150 150 125 125 100 100 75 75 50 50 25 1 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 Milk (gallons) Milk (gallons) OO decrease by 30 gallons. increase by 90 gallons. increase by 120 gallons. remain constant. ॐ ४ 25 0b. Kelen and Chris produce rice and wheat. In an hour, Kelen can produce 1 unit of wheat or one unit of rice, while Chris can produce 2 units of wheat and 3 units of rice. They each work 10 hours a day. (8.75) i. Who has an absolute advantage in producing wheat? Who has an absolute advantage in producing rice? Explain. ii. Who has comparative advantage in producing wheat? Who has Comparative advantage in producing rice? Draw a production possibilities frontier for Kelen and Chris assuming that each spends same number of hours each day as the other in producing wheat and rice.
- (Figure: The Production Possibility Frontiers for Kansas and Wisconsin) Use Figure: The Production Possibility Frontiers for Kansas and Wisconsin. In autarky, Kansas produces and consumes 30 gallons of milk and 80 bushels of corn, while Wisconsin produces and consumes 80 gallons of milk and 60 bushels of con. If the two states engage in trade, with cach state specializing in the good in which it has a comparative advantage, world production of milk will: Kansas Wisconsin Corm Corn (bushels) (bushels) 225 225 200 200 175 175 150 150 125 125 100 100 75 75 50 50 25- 25- 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 25 s0 75 100 125 150 175 200 Milk (gallons) MIlk (gallons) decrease by 30 gallons. increase by 90 gallons. increase by 120 gallons. remain constant.(?) (? Freedonia Desonia 64 64 56 56 48 48 PPF 40 40 32 32 24 PPF 24 16 16 A 8 8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 LEMONS (Millions of pounds) LEMONS (Millions of pounds) Freedonia has a comparative advantage in the production of while Desonia has a comparative advantage in the production of Suppose that Freedonia and Desonia specialize in the production of the goods in which each has a comparative advantage. After specialization, the two countries can produce a total of million pounds of lemons and million pounds of tea. Suppose that Freedonia and Desonia agree to trade. Each country focuses its resources on producing only the good in which it has a comparative advantage. The countries decide to exchange 8 million pounds of lemons for 8 million pounds of tea. This ratio of goods is known as the price of trade between Freedonia and Desonia. TEA (Millions of pounds) TEA (Millions of pounds)Terms of trade Suppose that Greece and Austria both produce oil and wine. Greece’s opportunity cost of producing a bottle of wine is 4 barrels of oil, while Austria’s opportunity cost of producing a bottle of wine is 10 barrels of oil. By comparing the opportunity cost of producing wine in the two countries, you can tell that ______(Greece / Austria) has a comparative advantage in the production of wine, and ______(Greece / Austria) has a comparative advantage in the production of oil. Suppose that Greece and Austria consider trading wine and oil with each other. Greece can gain from specialization and trade as long as it receives more than _______(1/4barrel / 1/10barrel / 1barrel / 4barrels / 10barrels) of oil for each bottle of wine it exports to Austria. Similarly, Austria can gain from trade as long as it receives more than _______(1/4barrel / 1/10barrel / 1barrel / 4barrels / 10barrels) of wine for each barrel of oil it exports to Greece. Based on answers…
- (Use Table 1) Harold has a comparative advantage in and Wilhelmina has a comparative advantage in Table 1 * Harold Wilhelmina Coconuts Fish Coconuts Fish Output per day 2 1 1 1) fish, fish 2) coconuts, fish 3) coconuts, coconuts 6,7. Japanese labor productivity is roughly the same as that of the United States in the manufacturing sector (higher in some industries, lower in others), while the United States is still considerably more productive in the service sector. But most services are nontraded. Some analysts have argued that this poses a problem for the United States,because our comparative advantage lies in things we cannot sell on world markets.What is wrong with this argument?1. Suppose there are two countries Peru and Japan that produce Food and Fuel. Peru can produce 7,523 units of Food or 17,853 units of Fuel using a labour force of 8000. Japan can produce 5,733 units of Food or 24,156 units of Fuel using a labour force of 5000. a) Which country has the comparative advantage in food? In fuel? Explain. b) Which good(s) should each country specialize in? c) Discuss the benefits of specialization for each country.
- QUESTION 3 (Figure: The Production Possibilities for Taiwan and Japan) Use Figure: The Production Possibilities for Taiwan and Japan. Taiwan has a comparative advantage in producing. while Japan has a comparative advantage in producing. Quantity of microchips 1,600 1,200 1000 600 400 200 Talwan rain boots; microchips 800 1,200 Quantity of rain boots Quantity of microchips 1,400 Oª O b. both microchips and rain boots; neither good Oo microchips; rain boots i Od. neither good; both microchips and rain boots 1,200 1,000 800 400 400 200 400 Japan 100 1,00 Quantity of rain bootsAssume the table below shows the quantities of wine and cheese that a worker can produce in an hour in France and Italy. Wine (bottles) 9 4 has an absolute advantage producing wine and has a comparative advantage producing wine and France Italy has an absolute advantage producing cheese. Cheese (ounces) 19 29 has a comparative advantage producing cheese.Absolute and comparative advantage Consider two neighboring island countries, Botoga and Doporia. Each has 900,000 labor hours available per week that it can use to produce wheat, jeans, or a combination of both. The following table shows the amount of labor hours required to produce 1 bushel of wheat or 1 pair of jeans. Wheat Jeans Country (Labor hours per bushel) (Labor hours per pair) Botoga 40 10 Doporia 36 6 _______ (Botoga / Neither / Doporia) has an absolute advantage in the production of wheat, and ______ (Botoga / Neither / Doporia) has an absolute advantage in the production of jeans. Initially, suppose Botoga uses 225,000 hours of labor per week to produce wheat and 675,000 hours per week to produce jeans, while Doporia uses 675,000 hours of labor per week to produce wheat and 225,000 hours per week to produce jeans. Assume there are no other countries willing to trade goods, so in the absence of trade between these two countries,…
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