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`CN Na :CEN NaCN CN Na :CEN Picture 2:

`CN Na :CEN NaCN CN Na :CEN Picture 2:

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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1.) Draw the mechanism and products for the following reaction: (Refer to picture 1 )

2.) Which of the following reactions is the fastest? Explain your answer: (Refer to picture 2)

 

 

 

**Transcription of Picture 2:** This image showcases two chemical reactions involving haloalkanes and sodium cyanide (NaCN). **Reaction 1:** - **Reactant:** A linear haloalkane with an iodine (I) atom at one end. - **Reagent:** Sodium cyanide (NaCN), which dissociates into Na⁺ and ⁻:C≡N. - **Product:** A linear nitrile compound where the iodine is replaced by a cyano group (C≡N). **Reaction 2:** - **Reactant:** A linear haloalkane with a fluorine (F) atom at one end. - **Reagent:** Sodium cyanide (NaCN), which dissociates into Na⁺ and ⁻:C≡N. - **Product:** A similar linear nitrile compound where the fluorine is replaced by a cyano group (C≡N). **Explanation of Reactions:** - Both reactions depict nucleophilic substitution where the halogen (iodine or fluorine) in the haloalkane is replaced by the cyano group from sodium cyanide. - The reactions demonstrate the conversion of haloalkanes to nitriles, an important transformation in organic synthesis.
Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription of Picture 2:** This image showcases two chemical reactions involving haloalkanes and sodium cyanide (NaCN). **Reaction 1:** - **Reactant:** A linear haloalkane with an iodine (I) atom at one end. - **Reagent:** Sodium cyanide (NaCN), which dissociates into Na⁺ and ⁻:C≡N. - **Product:** A linear nitrile compound where the iodine is replaced by a cyano group (C≡N). **Reaction 2:** - **Reactant:** A linear haloalkane with a fluorine (F) atom at one end. - **Reagent:** Sodium cyanide (NaCN), which dissociates into Na⁺ and ⁻:C≡N. - **Product:** A similar linear nitrile compound where the fluorine is replaced by a cyano group (C≡N). **Explanation of Reactions:** - Both reactions depict nucleophilic substitution where the halogen (iodine or fluorine) in the haloalkane is replaced by the cyano group from sodium cyanide. - The reactions demonstrate the conversion of haloalkanes to nitriles, an important transformation in organic synthesis.
**Transcription for Educational Website:** --- **Title: Understanding SN2 Reactions with Bromine Compounds** **Picture 1:** The image illustrates a chemical reaction where a brominated alkane is reacting with sodium iodide (NaI) in the presence of acetone as a solvent. - **Chemical Structure:** The image starts with a structural formula of a bromine-containing alkane, specifically a 2-bromo-2-methylbutane. The chemical structure includes a central carbon bonded to three other carbon atoms, with one branch carrying a bromine atom (Br). - **Reaction Conditions:** An arrow points from the brominated compound's structure to the right, indicating the direction of the chemical reaction. - **Reagents and Solvent:** Above and below the arrow, the text indicates the presence of sodium iodide (NaI) and acetone, which suggests the conditions for a nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction. --- **Explanation of the Reaction:** This reaction typically involves the substitution of the bromine atom with an iodide ion from sodium iodide. The acetone serves as a polar aprotic solvent, which is ideal for SN2 reactions as it stabilizes ions in the solution without interfering with the reaction mechanism. This type of substitution reaction usually results in the inversion of configuration at the carbon center, characteristic of SN2 mechanisms. Understanding the interactions within this process is fundamental to grasping concepts in organic chemistry, specifically those involving halogen exchange reactions and the principles of reaction mechanisms.
Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription for Educational Website:** --- **Title: Understanding SN2 Reactions with Bromine Compounds** **Picture 1:** The image illustrates a chemical reaction where a brominated alkane is reacting with sodium iodide (NaI) in the presence of acetone as a solvent. - **Chemical Structure:** The image starts with a structural formula of a bromine-containing alkane, specifically a 2-bromo-2-methylbutane. The chemical structure includes a central carbon bonded to three other carbon atoms, with one branch carrying a bromine atom (Br). - **Reaction Conditions:** An arrow points from the brominated compound's structure to the right, indicating the direction of the chemical reaction. - **Reagents and Solvent:** Above and below the arrow, the text indicates the presence of sodium iodide (NaI) and acetone, which suggests the conditions for a nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction. --- **Explanation of the Reaction:** This reaction typically involves the substitution of the bromine atom with an iodide ion from sodium iodide. The acetone serves as a polar aprotic solvent, which is ideal for SN2 reactions as it stabilizes ions in the solution without interfering with the reaction mechanism. This type of substitution reaction usually results in the inversion of configuration at the carbon center, characteristic of SN2 mechanisms. Understanding the interactions within this process is fundamental to grasping concepts in organic chemistry, specifically those involving halogen exchange reactions and the principles of reaction mechanisms.
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