4. Please choose either Reaction A or Reaction B, and then provide the complete mechanism. The mechanism MUST include the formation of the "super electrophile." Then provide the reaction coordinate pathway starting from benzene + super electrophile. Be sure to include an energy access and labels for reactants, products, intermediates, energies of activation, and transition states. Reaction A NO2 Reaction B HNO3, H2SO4 CH;COCI, AICI,
4. Please choose either Reaction A or Reaction B, and then provide the complete mechanism. The mechanism MUST include the formation of the "super electrophile." Then provide the reaction coordinate pathway starting from benzene + super electrophile. Be sure to include an energy access and labels for reactants, products, intermediates, energies of activation, and transition states. Reaction A NO2 Reaction B HNO3, H2SO4 CH;COCI, AICI,
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
Related questions
Concept explainers
Reactions of Ethers
Ethers (R-O-R’) are compounds formed by replacing hydrogen atoms of an alcohol (R-OH compound) or a phenol (C6H5OH) by an aryl/ acyl group (functional group after removing single hydrogen from an aromatic ring). In this section, reaction, preparation and behavior of ethers are discussed in the context of organic chemistry.
Epoxides
Epoxides are a special class of cyclic ethers which are an important functional group in organic chemistry and generate reactive centers due to their unusual high reactivity. Due to their high reactivity, epoxides are considered to be toxic and mutagenic.
Williamson Ether Synthesis
An organic reaction in which an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol forms ether is known as Williamson ether synthesis. Alexander Williamson developed the Williamson ether synthesis in 1850. The formation of ether in this synthesis is an SN2 reaction.
Question
![### Organic Chemistry Reaction Mechanisms
#### Question 4:
Please choose either Reaction A or Reaction B, and then provide the complete mechanism. The mechanism MUST include the formation of the "super electrophile." Then provide the reaction coordinate pathway starting from benzene + super electrophile. Be sure to include an energy access and labels for reactants, products, intermediates, energies of activation, and transition states.
#### Reaction A:
![Reaction A Diagram]
```
Benzene (C6H6) + HNO3, H2SO4 → Nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2)
```
**Reactants:**
- Benzene (C6H6)
- Nitric Acid (HNO3)
- Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
**Product:**
- Nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2)
**Mechanism Steps for Reaction A:**
1. Formation of Super Electrophile:
- HNO3 reacts with H2SO4 to form the nitronium ion (NO2⁺), the super electrophile, and a water molecule (H2O).
- \( HNO3 + H2SO4 \rightarrow NO2^+ + H2O + HSO4^- \)
2. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution:
- Benzene donates a pair of π electrons to the nitronium ion (NO2⁺), forming a sigma complex (a cation intermediate).
- The sigma complex then loses a proton (H⁺), stabilizing into nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2).
#### Reaction B:
![Reaction B Diagram]
```
Benzene (C6H6) + CH3COCl, AlCl3 → Acetophenone (C6H5COCH3)
```
**Reactants:**
- Benzene (C6H6)
- Acetyl Chloride (CH3COCl)
- Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3)
**Product:**
- Acetophenone (C6H5COCH3)
**Mechanism Steps for Reaction B:**
1. Formation of Super Electrophile:
- CH3COCl reacts with AlCl3 to form the acylium ion (CH3CO⁺), the super electrophile, and AlCl4⁻.
- \( CH3COCl + AlCl3 \rightarrow CH3](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F6746fa6f-1856-443b-addc-ecae5d9da9b9%2F5f759efc-79e5-4f1c-bcdf-adb1bc98a6f2%2Fyd3ddmy_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Organic Chemistry Reaction Mechanisms
#### Question 4:
Please choose either Reaction A or Reaction B, and then provide the complete mechanism. The mechanism MUST include the formation of the "super electrophile." Then provide the reaction coordinate pathway starting from benzene + super electrophile. Be sure to include an energy access and labels for reactants, products, intermediates, energies of activation, and transition states.
#### Reaction A:
![Reaction A Diagram]
```
Benzene (C6H6) + HNO3, H2SO4 → Nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2)
```
**Reactants:**
- Benzene (C6H6)
- Nitric Acid (HNO3)
- Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
**Product:**
- Nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2)
**Mechanism Steps for Reaction A:**
1. Formation of Super Electrophile:
- HNO3 reacts with H2SO4 to form the nitronium ion (NO2⁺), the super electrophile, and a water molecule (H2O).
- \( HNO3 + H2SO4 \rightarrow NO2^+ + H2O + HSO4^- \)
2. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution:
- Benzene donates a pair of π electrons to the nitronium ion (NO2⁺), forming a sigma complex (a cation intermediate).
- The sigma complex then loses a proton (H⁺), stabilizing into nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2).
#### Reaction B:
![Reaction B Diagram]
```
Benzene (C6H6) + CH3COCl, AlCl3 → Acetophenone (C6H5COCH3)
```
**Reactants:**
- Benzene (C6H6)
- Acetyl Chloride (CH3COCl)
- Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3)
**Product:**
- Acetophenone (C6H5COCH3)
**Mechanism Steps for Reaction B:**
1. Formation of Super Electrophile:
- CH3COCl reacts with AlCl3 to form the acylium ion (CH3CO⁺), the super electrophile, and AlCl4⁻.
- \( CH3COCl + AlCl3 \rightarrow CH3
Expert Solution
This question has been solved!
Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.
This is a popular solution!
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 3 images
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9780078021558
Author:
Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305079373
Author:
William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781118431221
Author:
Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:
WILEY