Cancer treatment using chemotherapy employs chemicals that kill both cancer cells and normal cells. In some instances, the toxicity of the cancer drug, that is, its effect on normal cells can be reduced by the simultaneous injection of a second drug. A study was conducted to determine whether a particular drug injection was beneficial in reducing the harmful effects of a chemotherapy treatment on the survival time for rats. Two randomly selected (independent) groups of rats, 12 rats in each group, were used for the experiment. Both groups, call them A and B, received the toxic drug in a dosage large enough to cause death, but group B also received the antitoxin that was intended to reduce the toxic effect of the chemotherapy on normal cells. The test was terminated at the end of 20 days, or 480 hours. The lengths of survival time for the two groups of rats, to the nearest 4 hours, are shown in the following table. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that rats receiving the antitoxin tended to survive longer after chemotherapy than those not receiving the antitoxin? Perform an appropriate hypothesis test in the problem at 0.005 level of significance. Show the five steps and explain why did you

Cancer treatment using chemotherapy employs chemicals that kill both cancer cells and normal cells. In some instances, the toxicity of the cancer drug, that is, its effect on normal cells can be reduced by the simultaneous injection of a second drug. A study was conducted to determine whether a particular drug injection was beneficial in reducing the harmful effects of a chemotherapy treatment on the survival time for rats. Two randomly selected (independent) groups of rats, 12 rats in each group, were used for the experiment. Both groups, call them A and B, received the toxic drug in a dosage large enough to cause death, but group B also received the antitoxin that was intended to reduce the toxic effect of the chemotherapy on normal cells. The test was terminated at the end of 20 days, or 480 hours. The lengths of survival time for the two groups of rats, to the nearest 4 hours, are shown in the following table. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that rats receiving the antitoxin tended to survive longer after chemotherapy than those not receiving the antitoxin? Perform an appropriate hypothesis test in the problem at 0.005 level of significance. Show the five steps and explain why did you

Name: Cancer treatment using chemotherapy employs chemicals that kill both
Uploaded: 2024-03-20T07:06:27.000Z
Channel: Bartleby
Description: Cancer treatment using chemotherapy employs chemicals that kill both cancer cells and normalcells. In some instances, the toxicity of the cancer drug, that is, its effect on normal cells canbe reduced by the simultaneous injection of a second drug.

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death and illness worldwide, with high blood pressure and high LDL cholesterol both being established risk factors. Because most cardiovascular events occur in persons with average risk and no previous cardiovascular disease history, the present research examined the simultaneous use of both blood pressure‑reducing drugs and cholesterol‑reducing drugs on this population rather than focus on only those at high risk. Subjects included men at least 55 years old and women at least 65 years old without cardiovascular disease who had at least one additional risk factor besides age, such as recent or current smoking, hypertension, or family history of premature coronary heart disease. Those with current cardiovascular disease were excluded from the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to the treatment (cholesterol‑ and blood pressure‑reducing drugs) or a placebo, and the number suffering the primary outcome of a fatal cardiovascular event or a…
In randomized, double-blind clinical trials of a new vaccine, monkeys were randomly divided into two groups. Subjects in group 1 received the new vaccine while subjects in group 2 received a control vaccine. After the second dose, 117 of 750 subjects in the experimental group (group 1) experienced drowsiness as a side effect. After the second dose, 74 of 631 of the subjects in the control group (group 2) experienced drowsiness as a side effect. Does the evidence suggest that a higher proportion of subjects in group 1 experienced drowsiness as a side effect than subjects in group 2 at the a = 0.05 level of significance? Verify the model requirements. Select all that apply. O A. The samples are independent. B. The sample size is more than 5% of the population size for each sample. OC. n,P, (1-P1) 2 10 and n2p2 (1- P2) 2 10 D. The data come from a population that is normally distributed. E. The sample size is less than 5% of the population size for each sample. O F. The samples are…
Peanut Allergies. In the article “Food Allergy Advice May Be Peanuts” (Science News, Vol. 174, No. 12, pp. 8–9), N. Seppa reports that early exposure to peanuts seems to lessen the risk of nut allergy. Of 4000 Jewish children sampled in Britain, 1.85% had peanut allergies; and of 4600 Jewish children sampled in Israel, where early peanut consumption is more common, 0.17% had peanut allergies. The researcher chose Jewish children in both countries to limit genetic differences between groups. a. Is this study descriptive or inferential? b. Is this study observational or experimental?
A social psychologist studying mass communication randomly assigned 77 volunteers to one of two experimental groups. Fifty-seven were instructed to get their news for a month only from television, and 20 were instructed to get their news for a month only from the Internet. After the month was up, all participants were tested on their knowledge of several political issues. The researcher simply predicted that there is some kind of difference. These were the results of the study. TV group: Mty = 22, S, = 2; Internet group: M, = 26.2, s = 3. The pooled variance, rounded to four decimal places, is 2.2533. Complete parts (a) and (b) below. (a) Figure the estimated effect size for this study. Let the TV group be sample 1 and let the Internet group be sample 2. The estimated effect size for this study is
In a 2009 study, a team of researchers recruited 38 men and divided them randomly into two groups - treatment or control. The also recruited 38 women and they randomly placed half the participants into the treatment group and the other half into the control group. One group was given 25 grams of chia seeds twice a day, and the other was given a placebo. The subjects volunteered to be a part of the study. After 12 weeks, the scientists found no significant difference between the groups in appetite or weight loss. Which of the following is true. (i) This is an observational study (ii) Blinding is used in this study because subjects in the control group recieved a placebo, so that htey were blinded to the treatment they recieved. (iii) We can safely generalize the conclusion (that chia seeds have no significant effect on appetite or weight loss) from the participants to the population at large because randomization is used when assigning participatns to groups.
Captivity can influence immunological responses in some mammals. Seeber et al. (2020) investigated various aspects of immunological responses in captive and free-ranging zebras. One aspect of the study involved samples of 12 free-ranging zebras from Namibia, 9 from Tanzania, and 38 captive zebras from various zoos in Europe. (All of these were non-lactating females.) One of the measured variables from blood samples was lysozyme concentration (μg/L). (Lysozyme is a biomarker of the immune response.) The researchers were interested in investigating possible differences in lysozyme concentration between zebras in the various locations. As part of the analysis, they carried out a one-way ANOVA on the lysozyme concentrations for the zebras from the 3 locations, and found the following output. Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F) Location 2 50.65 25.33 42.24 6.54e-12Residuals 56 33.57 0.60 Suppose the assumptions of one-way ANOVA…
The Diabetes Control and Complications trial research group, randomly assigned volunteers with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, but without retinopathy, either to a conventional treatment or to a more intensive treatment aimed at maintaining normal blood glucose levels. The volunteers' health was monitored closely for approximately six years. By the end of the study, 91 patients out of 378 in the conventional treatment group had developed retinopathy, whereas 23 out of 348 in the intensive treatment group had developed retinopathy. Test whether the rates of retinopathy differed significantly between the two treatment groups, if they did, which rate was significantly lower. 1. Provide the null hypothesis 2. Provide the alternative hypotheses 3. calculate the appropriate test statistic. Show all work 4. Identify the p-value for that test statistic 5. Using the p-value method and an alpha level of 0.02 state what your conclusions are regarding the null hypothesis, and…
A study was performed to test the effectiveness of a new treatment for migraines. There were 125 patients in the study. Of these, 60 were randomly assigned to receive the standard treatment and 65 to receive the new treatment. All were instructed to take the medication at the onset of their next migraine and to notice if the pain of their migraine felt reduced after half an hour. Fifty patients receiving the new treatment reported reduced pain, compared with only 40 of the patients receiving the standard treatment. The results seem to favor the new treatment, but could the difference just be due to chance? In this problem, consider the null hypothesis that the percentage of patients with a reduction in pain is the same between the two treatments, versus the alternative hypothesis that the percentages are different. (a) Under the null hypothesis, the difference in the sample percentages is expected to be ___%. The standard error for the difference is estimated to be ___%. (b) Calculate…
Trichotillomania is a psychiatric illness that causes its victims to have an irresistible compulsion to pull their own hair. Two drugs were compared as treatments for trichotillomania in a study involving 13 women. Each women took clomipramine during one time period and desipramine during another time period in a double-blind experiment. Scores on a trichotillomania-impairment scale, in which high scores indicate greater impairment, were measured on each women during time period. The average of the 13 measurements for clomipramine was 6.2; the average of the 13 measurements for desipramine as 4.2. (a) A paired t test was used to test whether the mean difference between these two drugs is 0, resulting in a test statistics t∗ = 2.47. Find the sample standard deviation Sd. (b) Find a 95% confidence interval for the mean difference between the two drugs and give the conclusion.
In randomized, double-blind clinical trials of a new vaccine, children were randomly divided into two groups. Subjects in group 1 received the new vaccine while subjects in group 2 received a control vaccine. After the second dose, 125 of 746 subjects in the experimental group (group 1) experienced fever as a side effect. After the second dose, 82 of 627 of the subjects in the control group (group 2) experienced fever as a side effect. Does the evidence suggest that a higher proportion of subjects in group 1 experienced fever as a side effect than subjects in group 2 at the a= 0.01 level of significance? Find the test statistic for this hypothesis test. (Round to two decimal places as needed.)
A psychologist interested in animal learning conducts an experiment to determine the effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on avoidance learning. Twenty 100-day-old male rats are randomly selected from the university vivarium for the experiment. Of the 20 chosen rats, 10 randomly chosen rats receive injections of ACTH 30 minutes before being placed in the avoidance situation. The other 10 rats received placebo injections. The number of trials for each animal to learn the task are listed below. Do NOT assume a normal distribution, and use α=0.05 to answer the questions below: ACTH Placebo 58 74 72 92 80 87 57 84 75 71 73 82 79 76 70 90 66 95 77 85 What inferential test is being conducted? What is the obtained statistic? What determines the critical value?
A researcher is creating a new treatment protocol for Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), a form of preleukemia. Following the old treatment protocol, 28% of patients with MDS will develop leukemia within 5 years of MDS diagnosis. He believes his new treatment protocol will lead to fewer MDS patients developing leukemia. He takes a random sample of 100 individuals on his new treatment protocol. Of these 100 individuals, 20 develop leukemia within 5 years of MDS diagnosis. In questions 8-9, create a 98% confidence interval for the true proportion of all MDS patients on this new treatment who will develop leukemia within 5 years of MDS diagnosis. What is the confidence interval? Do not round your answer. What is the interpretation of your confidence interval?