Calculate the ΔG0’ for the reduction of pyruvate by NADH.

Q: How many molecules of ATP are produced during a single turn of the oxidation cycle? O 5 O 2 O 3 O 4

A: Introduction: Beta-oxidation is the process in which fatty acid molecule are broken down into…

Q: What happens the the NH4+ produced when amino acids are used to produce ATPE O It is converted into…

A: Given: When NH4+ is produced during urea cycle, then ATP molecules are formed. The reaction is as…

Q: When pyruvate is reduced by NADH to lactate, which hydrogen in lactate comes from NADH?

A: Hydrogen in lactate comes from NADH: Two molecules of pyruvate converted by 1 glucose molecule in…

Q: Modify the given molecule to show the product of the oxidation reaction using NAD+ as the oxidizing…

A: To answer: 1) Modify the given molecule to show the product of the oxidation reaction using NAD+ as…

Q: Hydrolysis of ATP is favorable (AGo' = -30.5 kJ/mol), but the addition of inorganic phosphate (Pi)…

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Q: The step that completes the citric acid cycle is the conversion of malate (M) to oxaloacetate (OA)…

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Q: Determine the number of ATP molecules that can be formed from the complete oxidation of 10 molecules…

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Q: Which part of the F₁F, ATP synthase is responsible for allowing protons to move through the membrane

A: The F₁F₀ ATP synthase is a vital enzyme complex found in the inner mitochondrial membrane…

Q: What compound is produced during strenuous exercise, when the muscles are depleted of oxygen?…

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Q: Short answer questions. You must show work indicating production or consumption of molecules such as…

A: Sure, let's break down the process step by step:1. Conversion of Alanine to Pyruvate:  Alanine is…

Q: Coenzyme A, NAD*, and FAD are coenzymes that are necessary for energy production. Classify each…

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Q: Explain which chemical species of ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) and citric acid (C6H8O7) are present at the…

A: An acid is a chemical substance that can furnish hydrogen ions (H+) in the aqueous solution. When…

Q: A portion of the citric acid cycle is shown below. What are the identities of A and B? citrate →…

A: Citric acid cycle consists of a series of closed loop in which the given portion is  Citrate…

Q: Anaerobic glycolysis (i.e., lactic acid fermentation) produces pyruvate that is then converted to…

A: The end product of glycolysis is pyruvate. The fate of pyruvate depends upon the availability of…

Q: Which of the following is true regarding the Na*/K* pump? O Uses one ATP for every group of Na+ that…

A: 1. Anion Movement at Resting Membrane Potential:Anions (negatively charged ions) found in higher…

Q: What amino acid is obtained from the reductive amination of the following metabolic intermediates in…

A: On  reductive amination oxaloacetic acid gives L-Aspartic acid

Q: Pyruvate CoA NAD+ → acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+

A: answer is given below.Explanation:This reaction is a key step in cellular respiration known as the…

Q: Below is the overall net equation for the complete oxidation of pyruvate. Calculate the number of…

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Q: How many molecules of water are produced by the electron transport chain during the complete aerobic…

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Q: What is the standard free energy (∆G0’) for the reduction of coenzyme Q by NADH as carried out by…

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Q: How many moles of ATP are obtained from the catabolism of 5g of a triglyceride made of a C16 fatty…

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Q: Draw the ATP - ADP Cycle and describe how each molecule (ATP, ADP, Phosphocreatine,carbohydrates)…

A: The ATP-ADP cycle is a process by which cells regenerate ATP (adenosine triphosphate) from ADP…

Q: The difference between catabolism and anabolism is that one involves the breakdown of larger…

A: Catabolism is the process in which a smalller molecules breaks down into smaller molecules.…

Q: (b) Calculate the standard free - energy change (AG'o) for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and…

A: Pyruvate + NADH + H+ ⇌ lactate + NAD+

Q: When the reaction below reaches equilibrium, does the equilibrium lie on the left or the right side?…

A: Since you have posted multiple unrelated questions, we are entitled to answer the first only.

Q: During electron transport, H+ are repeatedly pumped across a membrane. (a) How do they get back…

A: Electron transport chain is a group of protons that are redox couples. These are present in…

Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

Metabolic pathways allude to the arrangement of chemical catalyzed reactions that lead to the transformation of a substance into the final product. Metabolic pathways incorporate a progression of reaction where the substrate is changed continuously and the transitional metabolites are persistently recovered.

Glucogenesis

Glucogenesis is a metabolic pathway in which glucose is produced from carbon substrates that are not carbohydrates. This process is observed in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and other micro organisms. The general  definition for glucogenesis or gluconeogenesis is as follows,