l zain IQ ?2:39 PM@ 73%< ВackEssential Biochemistrytransduction would such changes have? For the answer:draw the scheme of insulin signal transduction in the target cell;name proteins and enzymes, activated by insulin in the target eells;c) explain the functions of these enzymes.3. Steroid hormone calcitriol activates an intake of dictary calcium, increasingthe amount of Ca" transport proteins in the gut cells. Explain the calcitriolmechanisms of action. For that:a) draw a general scheme of a signal transduction by steroid hormones andexplain the process;b) name the molccules, which synthesis is activated by a hormone in the nucleusof a target cell;c) explain the function of these molccules in the cytoplasm of the target cel.4. Copy Table 4.1 to your notebooks and fill itin.214Chapter 4. Structure and functions of biological membranes. Cell signaling pathwaysTable 4.1. Adenylyl cyclase and phosphatidylinositol 45-bisphosphate (PIP) signaling pathwaysAdenylylsyclase syatemStructure and Functionhoshal phosphatesystemAn example of the primary messengerIntegral membrane protein, complementary binding the primarymessenger primaryProtein, activating the enzyme of the signaling systemSystem enzyme, foming the secondary messenger(s)Secondary messenger(s) of the systemCytosolic enzyme(s), interacting with the secondary messengerRegulatory mechanisms (specific to the system) of the metabolicenzyme activityMechanisms of the secondary messenger's concentrationdecrease in the targeted cellThe cause of the membrane enzyme activity decrease (specific tothe system)ситет5. The sense of smell – is one of the possible ways to detect a signal from theenvironment in animals, including humans. It is now acknowledged that humancan detect about 10000 types of smells (odors). Receptors, recciving the seent,can define molccules differed by only one carbon atom or by one functionalgroup. The molecule of an odorous substance - odorant, binds to granule-adsorbent in a mucus composite, covering the olfactory cells in the nasalcavity. Complex odorant-adsorbent interacts with cell membrane receptor.The final part of this signal transduction is the opening of CAMP-dependentNat-channels in the olfactory cell membrane. This results in excitationolfactory neuron and transduction of action potential via olfactory nerve to thecentral nervous system. Explain the speeificity of all proteins and non-proteinmolecules structure, which takes part in the odorant substance transduction.For that:a) copy Fig. 4.17 in your notebook and add the required compounds to thescheme;b) draw a general structure of the membrane receptor, which interacts with thecomplex odorant-adsorbent, if known that such receptors are analogs to theB,-epinephrine receptors;e) name the protcin, with one of the protomers is being able to move laterallythrough the membrane and transduce the signal to the membrane enzyme;describe its functions;d) name the enzyme, which in its active form increases the CAMP concentrationin the olfactory cell; write down the reaction that is catalyzed by this enzyme;c) make a description of CAMP-dependent Na channels functioning;the4.4. Signal Transduction by Intracellular Receptors215

Answered: c) explain the functions of thesc…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Similar questions

1. Where is insulin synthesised and in what form is it stored in the body?2. Describe the mechanism of release of insulin into the bloodstream.
9. If the concentration of a plasma carrier was diminished, what would this do to the half-life of a steroid? a. increase half-life b. decrease half-life c. no change d. it depends on the steroid 10. Put the steps involved in generation and release of peptide hormones in the correct order: 1)cleavage into active hormone 2) transport into blood capillary 3)mRNA translation and preprohormone entrance into the ER 4) release signal into ECF 5)vesicular transport into Golgi apparatus 6)signal sequence peptide cleavage into prohormone
1. List the commercially available juvenile hormone and where they are prepared from? 2. How much they are effective when use and how to collect those alternative forms from natural resources.
Understand Main Ideas 1. MAINIDEA Assess the reasons why hormone feedback systems are referred to as "negative feedback." 2. Predict when you would expect to find high levels of insulin in a person's blood and when you would expect to find high levels of glucagon in a per- son's blood.
8. Disorders of the Endocrine System: Fill in the table describing disorders of the Endocrine System. Type 1 diabetes mellitus A. Hypersecretion of cortisol – resulting in "moon face" and high blood pressure. B. Antibodies produced by the immune system stimulate the thyroid gland resulting in hyperthyroidism, often accompanied with protrusion of the eyes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus C. Hypersecretion of hGH during childhood causes a notable increase in height. Diabetes insipidus Cushing's syndrome D. Severe hypothyroidism. E. Destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas early in life results in low levels of insulin production. As a result, glucose cannot enter cells. Acromegaly. F. Hyposecretion of hGH resulting in slow growth pattern and an unusually small stature. Gigantism Addison's disease G. Hyposecretion of ADH or the kidneys not responding appropriately to ADH causes the body to excrete large volumes of urine, resulting in dehydration and thirst. Myxedema H. Target cells become…
ZOOM Short Answer – Choose 3 questions to answer 1. Which would you expect to have a faster effect: a steroid hormone or a peptide hormone? Explain your answer. 2. Give an example of a hormone that is controlled by a negative feedback loop. Explain what the hormone regulates and what controls the release and inhibition of the hormone. 3. The nervous system and the endocrine system are, of course, different but they have many features in common. List five things that the endocrine system and the nervous system have in common. 4. List 5 factors that can affect red blood cell production and/or the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen? 5. Blood pressure is regulated by baroreceptors, which are located in the aorta and the carotid arteries. In response to signals from these receptors, the cardiac control center of the medulla will send signals to reduce the force of ventricular contractions. Given this sort of control, why do people develop high blood pressure?
Chronic inflammation of the pancreas, or pancreatitis, impairs the digestive functions of this organ. 1. What would be the effect on digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins if acinar cells are impaired? What if duct cells are impaired? What will be the effect of hormone/s secretion?
2) Both the nervous system and the endocrine system communicate with remote parts of the body, but they do so in very different ways. Why is muscular contraction under the control of the nervous system and not the endocrine system? Why is growth regulated by the endocrine system?
explain and descibe how the structures and properties of components in the formulation and thesite of injection help to control the rate at which the delivered insulin enters the bloodstream. Use insulin lispro, insulin aspart and protamine-zinc insulin as reference.
#3
Answer the following question:
2. The following diagram shows some detail of a cell from a thyroid gland. thyroid follicle cell (a) Name structure M. (b) Name structure N. thyroxine ઇ B P 8 a (c) Name the process occurring at site P. jadine = COD agar nucleus 900 N G M thyroglobulin OOOOO Q000 a AOODA

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