B. Alkaloid caffeine contained in coffee seeds causes hyperglycemia and has astimulatory effect, although it does not interact with epinephrine receptors.It is known that caffeine inhibits phosphodiesterase activity. Why can caffeinedecrease the blood glucose level? Explain the answer and draw the appropriateschemes.

Caffeine is a type of phytochemical (a biomolecule produced by plants) that belongs to the group of…

Answered: Alkaloid caffeine contained in coffee…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Similar questions

Write a balanced equation for the hydrolysis of cGMP, catalyzed by cGMP phosphodiesterase. Would you expect an inhibitor of this enzyme to potentiate or antagonize the action of Viagra? Explain.
The structures of norepinephrine and epinephrine differ by a single methyl group . Knowing what you know about amino acid and protein structure, propose what differences in protein structure would allow norepinephrine to bind with higher affinity to the b1- how epinephrine binds with higher affinity to the b2-adrenergic receptor.
Draw the structures of the major metabolites you would predict (Phase I and Phase II) for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen and the beta blocker propranolol (use hand drawn illustrations or free chemistry drawing software, e.g. Marvin, for your answer). Explain how these metabolites are formed and comment on the role of metabolism (Phase I and Phase II) in the detoxification of the drugs.
Explain the regulatory processes of purine synthesis that would result in an increase in the concentration of GMP.
Explain why a deficiency of steroid 21-hydroxylase leads to excessive production of sex steroids (androgens and estrogens).
Corticosteroids (a type of hormone), and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are non-narcotic pain relievers. Both medications are prescribed to reduce inflammation in the body. NSAIDs such as aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen are able to reduce pain, fever, and inflammation by blocking the action of the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX) that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Common corticosteroids include prednisone, cortisone, and methylprednisolone. Choose one of these three corticosteroids. The corticosteroid that you choose and then explain how the drug works to reduce inflammation.
Name two second messengers of GPCRs and identify the type of GPCR each second messenger commonly associates with (Gs, Gi, Gq, G12/13, Go; there are many possible answers for this question).
The rate of the reaction of glycogen N with inorganic phosphate, Pi, to form glucose-1-phosphate and glycogen N-1 is:
Plants in the genus Ephedra have been harvested for their active substance ephedrine for centuries. Ephedrine is used to reduce the symptoms of bronchitis and asthma, as a stimulant and study aid, and as an appetite suppressant. It is also the main ingredient in the illegal production of methamphetamine. Since 2006, the sale of ephedrine and related substances has been limited and monitored in the United States. One effect of ingesting ephedrine is greatly increased metabolism, which has been known to kill users of ephedrine. How might an increased metabolic rate cause death?
Ligand binding to proteins may occur with varying strengths; some ligands bind tightly to proteins while others bind less tightly. The strengths of reversible binding are determined experimentally by varying concentrations of ligands, and measuring the saturation of the protein in the various ligand concentrations. One such laboratory study investigated the binding of a hormone to three different receptor proteins in the cell membrane. The data collected are shown in the table below: 1) Provide a brief explanation as to why ligand binding to proteins must be a reversible process. 2) Calculate the dissociation constant (Kd) for the hormone binding to each of the three proteins.
Compare and contrast the effects of glucagon and epinephrine on metabolic pathways in their target tissues. Keep in mind that skeletal muscle lacks cell surface receptors for glucagon.
The epinephrine-mediated “amplificationcascade” of Figure 24.14 has six steps, all of which are catalyticwith one exception. This cascade leads to the activation of glycogenphosphorylase. This enzyme acts in turn on glycogen to yieldglucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P).(a) Which step is not catalytic?(b) If each catalytic step had a turnover (molecules of substrateacted on per molecule of enzyme) of 10, how many moleculesof G-1-P would result from one molecule of epinephrine?(c) What is the biochemical advantage of such a cascade?(d) How is the amplification cascade of this questionreversed?

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