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FIG. 7.3 ESSENTIALS Peptide Hormone Synthesis and Processing (a) Peptide Hormone Synthesis Peptide hormones are made as large, inactive preprohormones that include a signal sequence, one or more copies of the hormone, and additional peptide fragments. Messenger RNA on the ribosomes binds amino acids into a peptide chain called a preprohormone. The chain is directed into the ER lumen by a signal sequence of amino acids. Ribosome mRNA Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 2 Enzymes in the ER chop off the signal sequence, creating an inactive prohormone. Preprohormone Signal sequence Prohormone Transport vesicle (b) Preprohormones PreproTRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) has six copies of the 3-amino acid hormone TRH. Preprohormone 3 The prohormone passes from the ER through the Golgi complex. 4 Secretory vesicles containing enzymes and prohormone bud off the Golgi. The enzymes chop the prohormone into one or more active peptides plus additional peptide fragments. amus J Golgi complex The secretory vesicle releases its contents by exocytosis into the extracellular space. Active Peptide hormone fragment 5 (c) Prohormones Secretory vesicle Release signal Cytoplasm ECF 6 The hormone moves into the circulation for transport to its target. To target Capillary endothelium Plasma Prohormones, such as pro-opiomelanocortin, the prohormone for ACTH, may contain several peptide sequences with biological activity.

FIG. 7.3 ESSENTIALS Peptide Hormone Synthesis and Processing (a) Peptide Hormone Synthesis Peptide hormones are made as large, inactive preprohormones that include a signal sequence, one or more copies of the hormone, and additional peptide fragments. Messenger RNA on the ribosomes binds amino acids into a peptide chain called a preprohormone. The chain is directed into the ER lumen by a signal sequence of amino acids. Ribosome mRNA Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 2 Enzymes in the ER chop off the signal sequence, creating an inactive prohormone. Preprohormone Signal sequence Prohormone Transport vesicle (b) Preprohormones PreproTRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) has six copies of the 3-amino acid hormone TRH. Preprohormone 3 The prohormone passes from the ER through the Golgi complex. 4 Secretory vesicles containing enzymes and prohormone bud off the Golgi. The enzymes chop the prohormone into one or more active peptides plus additional peptide fragments. amus J Golgi complex The secretory vesicle releases its contents by exocytosis into the extracellular space. Active Peptide hormone fragment 5 (c) Prohormones Secretory vesicle Release signal Cytoplasm ECF 6 The hormone moves into the circulation for transport to its target. To target Capillary endothelium Plasma Prohormones, such as pro-opiomelanocortin, the prohormone for ACTH, may contain several peptide sequences with biological activity.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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FIG. 7.3 ESSENTIALS Peptide Hormone Synthesis and Processing (a) Peptide Hormone Synthesis Peptide hormones are made as large, inactive preprohormones that include a signal sequence, one or more copies of the hormone, and additional peptide fragments. 1 Messenger RNA on the ribosomes binds amino acids into a peptide chain called a preprohormone. The chain is directed into the ER lumen by a signal sequence of amino acids. Ribosome 1 mRNA- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Preprohormone 2 3 (b) Preprohormones 2 Enzymes in the ER chop off the signal sequence, creating an inactive prohormone. Signal sequence Prohormone Transport vesicle passes from the 3 The prohormone 4 Secretory vesicles containing enzymes and prohormone bud off the Golgi. The enzymes chop the prohormone into one or more active peptides plus additional peptide fragments. PreproTRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) has six copies of the 3-amino acid hormone TRH. Preprohormone ER through the Golgi complex. Golgi complex Tim 3 d C 4 5 The secretory vesicle releases its contents by exocytosis into the extracellular space. Active Peptide hormone fragment (c) Prohormones Secretory vesicle 5 Release signal Cytoplasm ECF 6 The hormone moves into the circulation for transport to its target. To target 6 Capillary endothelium Plasma Prohormones, such as pro-opiomelanocortin, the prohormone for ACTH, may contain several peptide sequences with biological activity.
Transcribed Image Text:FIG. 7.3 ESSENTIALS Peptide Hormone Synthesis and Processing (a) Peptide Hormone Synthesis Peptide hormones are made as large, inactive preprohormones that include a signal sequence, one or more copies of the hormone, and additional peptide fragments. 1 Messenger RNA on the ribosomes binds amino acids into a peptide chain called a preprohormone. The chain is directed into the ER lumen by a signal sequence of amino acids. Ribosome 1 mRNA- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Preprohormone 2 3 (b) Preprohormones 2 Enzymes in the ER chop off the signal sequence, creating an inactive prohormone. Signal sequence Prohormone Transport vesicle passes from the 3 The prohormone 4 Secretory vesicles containing enzymes and prohormone bud off the Golgi. The enzymes chop the prohormone into one or more active peptides plus additional peptide fragments. PreproTRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) has six copies of the 3-amino acid hormone TRH. Preprohormone ER through the Golgi complex. Golgi complex Tim 3 d C 4 5 The secretory vesicle releases its contents by exocytosis into the extracellular space. Active Peptide hormone fragment (c) Prohormones Secretory vesicle 5 Release signal Cytoplasm ECF 6 The hormone moves into the circulation for transport to its target. To target 6 Capillary endothelium Plasma Prohormones, such as pro-opiomelanocortin, the prohormone for ACTH, may contain several peptide sequences with biological activity.
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10. Put the steps involved in generation and release of peptide hormones in the correct order:

1)cleavage into active hormone

2) transport into blood capillary

3)mRNA translation and preprohormone entrance into the ER

4) release signal into ECF

5)vesicular transport into Golgi apparatus  

6)signal sequence peptide cleavage into prohormone

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