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Br Ph |||||| (CH3)3 CONa (CH3)3 COH (CH3)3 COH A

Br Ph |||||| (CH3)3 CONa (CH3)3 COH (CH3)3 COH A

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Give the MAJOR PRODUCT/S of the following reactions. Include stereochemistry (wedges and dashes) as
appropriate. Draw all major enantiomers and diastereomers.

### Transcription for Educational Website **Chemical Reactions: Substitution and Elimination** In the study of organic chemistry, understanding substitution and elimination reactions is crucial. The diagram below illustrates two different reactions involving alkyl halides and provides insight into these fundamental processes. #### Reaction 1: Substitution Reaction The top half of the image depicts a substitution reaction. The reactant is a bromoalkane with the structure: ```plaintext Br | C / \ Ph C | H ``` This reactant is treated with sodium tert-butoxide ((CH₃)₃CONa) in tert-butyl alcohol ((CH₃)₃COH) as solvent. The conditions and reagents suggest an S_N2 (bimolecular nucleophilic substitution) mechanism, where the bromine atom is replaced by a nucleophile. **Reagents:** - Sodium tert-butoxide ((CH₃)₃CONa) - tert-Butyl alcohol ((CH₃)₃COH) #### Reaction 2: Elimination Reaction The bottom half of the image shows an elimination reaction. The reactant is an iodoalkane with the structure: ```plaintext I | C-Ch₃ / \ Ph CH₂CH₃ ``` This reaction occurs under the influence of tert-butyl alcohol ((CH₃)₃COH) and heat (Δ), which usually promotes an E2 (bimolecular elimination) mechanism, resulting in the formation of an alkene through the loss of hydrogen iodide (HI). **Reagents and Conditions:** - tert-Butyl alcohol ((CH₃)₃COH) - Heat (Δ) ### Graphs and Diagrams in Detail **Diagram 1:** - Presents a bromoalkane where a bromine atom (Br) is bonded to a carbon atom. - The other substituents on the carbon are a phenyl group (Ph), a hydrogen atom (H), and another methyl group (CH3) attached to the same carbon atom as the bromine. **Diagram 2:** - Shows an iodoalkane where an iodine atom (I) is bonded to a carbon atom. - This carbon is also bonded to a phenyl group (Ph), a CH3 group, and a longer chain (CH2CH3).
Transcribed Image Text:### Transcription for Educational Website **Chemical Reactions: Substitution and Elimination** In the study of organic chemistry, understanding substitution and elimination reactions is crucial. The diagram below illustrates two different reactions involving alkyl halides and provides insight into these fundamental processes. #### Reaction 1: Substitution Reaction The top half of the image depicts a substitution reaction. The reactant is a bromoalkane with the structure: ```plaintext Br | C / \ Ph C | H ``` This reactant is treated with sodium tert-butoxide ((CH₃)₃CONa) in tert-butyl alcohol ((CH₃)₃COH) as solvent. The conditions and reagents suggest an S_N2 (bimolecular nucleophilic substitution) mechanism, where the bromine atom is replaced by a nucleophile. **Reagents:** - Sodium tert-butoxide ((CH₃)₃CONa) - tert-Butyl alcohol ((CH₃)₃COH) #### Reaction 2: Elimination Reaction The bottom half of the image shows an elimination reaction. The reactant is an iodoalkane with the structure: ```plaintext I | C-Ch₃ / \ Ph CH₂CH₃ ``` This reaction occurs under the influence of tert-butyl alcohol ((CH₃)₃COH) and heat (Δ), which usually promotes an E2 (bimolecular elimination) mechanism, resulting in the formation of an alkene through the loss of hydrogen iodide (HI). **Reagents and Conditions:** - tert-Butyl alcohol ((CH₃)₃COH) - Heat (Δ) ### Graphs and Diagrams in Detail **Diagram 1:** - Presents a bromoalkane where a bromine atom (Br) is bonded to a carbon atom. - The other substituents on the carbon are a phenyl group (Ph), a hydrogen atom (H), and another methyl group (CH3) attached to the same carbon atom as the bromine. **Diagram 2:** - Shows an iodoalkane where an iodine atom (I) is bonded to a carbon atom. - This carbon is also bonded to a phenyl group (Ph), a CH3 group, and a longer chain (CH2CH3).
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