Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Draw the products and show the mechanism for the reactions below. Between each reaction
pair indicate which one will proceed faster and explain why
Transcribed Image Text:### Reaction Schemes for Organic Transformations
#### Scheme 3
- **First Reaction**
- **Reactant:** A five-membered cyclic ketone with a bromine atom (Br) attached on the side.
- **Reagent/Conditions:** Potassium cyanide (-CN) in methanol (CH₃OH).
- **Product Formation:** The bromine is substituted by the cyanide ion.
- **Second Reaction**
- **Reactant:** A similar five-membered cyclic ketone where the substituent is iodine (I) instead of bromine.
- **Reagent/Conditions:** Potassium tert-butoxide (KOtBu) in methanol (CH₃OH).
- **Product Formation:** A reaction likely emphasizing elimination or substitution involving the iodine.
#### Scheme 4
- **First Reaction**
- **Reactant:** A bromoalkane with a primary carbon having a bromine atom substitution.
- **Reagent/Conditions:** Thiolate ion (SH⁻) in dimethylformamide (DMF).
- **Product Formation:** Nucleophilic substitution where bromine is replaced by a thiol group (SH).
- **Second Reaction**
- **Reactant:** A similar bromoalkane with the bromine atom located at a different position on the carbon chain.
- **Reagent/Conditions:** Thiolate ion (SH⁻) in methanol (CH₃OH).
- **Product Formation:** Another nucleophilic substitution facilitating the replacement of bromine with a thiol group (SH).
### Explanation of Diagrams
These diagrams represent typical organic chemistry reactions involving nucleophilic substitution and possible elimination. The reactants are cyclic or linear organic compounds with halogen substituents, and they undergo chemical changes under the specified reagents and conditions. The varied reagents and solvents indicate different reaction mechanisms and outcomes, which are crucial for understanding synthetic transformations in organic chemistry.
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