1. Commpare antigenic shift to antigenic drift. Why does antigenic shift prevent the production of a single universally effective vaccine for influenza control?

Q: Which of the following is a role of CLRS in host recognition? O a. Direct cell killing O b. Cell to…

A: C Type Lectin Receptors The CLRs or the C type Lectin Receptors are pathogen recognition receptors…

Q: 3. Vaccines and vaccination. Most-utilized COVID-19 vaccinations.

A: Introduction  Vaccines are biological substances that are designed to stimulate the immune system to…

Q: This process explains why COVID 19 is so virulent -It increased incidence of comorbidities in the…

A: COVID 19 is so virulent because given below

Q: 1. Pathogens and vaccines with short incubation periods are not ideal for generating immunity…

A: All this is mine handwritten and original work hope this will help

Q: 15. Why might people need another SARS-CoV

A: A brand-new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 initially appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It…

Q: influenza

A: introduction  The flu infections are described by divided, negative-strand RNA genomes requiring a…

Q: 7 This process explains why COVID 19 is so virulent -It increased incidence of comorbidities in the…

A: Covid 19 is so virulent because there is an increased presence of spike proteins.

Q: 1. Between antigenic shift and antigenic drift, which causes the greatest antigenic change? Which…

A: The virus influenza belongs to the Orthromyxoviridae family. Seasonal outbreaks are caused by…

Q: give some exclusion criteria in vaccine hesitancy about covid 19

A: Characteristics that disqualifies potential subjects from participating in a research study are…

Q: 4. The ability of some microbes, such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface molecules and…

A: We know that The protozoan parasitic species present in the genus Trypanosoma causes Human African…

Q: What are 3 good reasons that a greater proportion of the population must be vaccinated to stop the…

A: Measles is a contagious disease which is caused by a rubeola virus of paramyxoviriade family which…

Q: 3. SARS-CoV-2, the causative pathogen of COVID-19 diseases, is a virus. Is virus a living organism?…

A: Microorganisms or microbes are those organisms that cannot be viewed by unaided eyes and are studied…

Q: 1. What is a vector? What is a vectorborne disease? Can you give some examples of each?

A: In biology a vector refers to any organism or agent that transmits a pathogen such as a virus or…

Q: Identify the MISMATCH pair from the following,  if any Group of answer choices some toxins ::::…

A: Hi! Thanks for your question. As you have posted multiple questions and have not mentioned which one…

Q: 5. Consider how a vaccine works. Describe how the Influenza vaccine protects you from becoming ill…

A: A weakened microorganisms which use to stimulate the body's immune response against disease is…

Q: You seed a 10cm tissue culture plate with a 4x10^6 HeLa cells. HeLa fells have a doubling time of…

A: Answer - 1ml

Q: 6. Name the Vaccine Preventable Diseases.

A: A vaccine is a biological preparation designed to stimulate an individual's immune system to…

Q: Explain generally how fl u vaccines are prepared. For which groups is vaccination indicated?

A: Vaccines are biological preparations that contains the microbe or the part of the microbe that has…

Q: If you are going to prepare a vaccine against SARS-CoV 2. how would you grow the virus?

A: With the rising pollution and poor diet and exercise habits, one may face a high chance of…

Q: 1. Use influenza as an example to explain why immune pathology significant, and why current…

A: The intricate interplay between viruses and the immune system regularly shapes the course of…

Q: 1. What are the uses of passive immunization. 2.List few live and killed vaccines.

A: Given:   Passive Immunisation is the immunity that we acquire from someone or something else. It is…

Q: what are the benifits of using vaccine passports in canada?

A: In the course of Covid 19 ,the vaccinated people's population is increasing. Majority of the people…

Q: 3 examples of vaccines used around the world.

A: Biotechnology is a branch of biology, including the use of living organisms to produce products.…

Q: There are 90 percent population vaccinated in Toronto, and there is 40 percent of COVID-19 patients…

A: Introduction A vaccine is a sort of medicine that trains the body’s system in order that it can…

Q: 2. What is the structure of SARS-CoV-2 virus? What are the immune responses to COVID-19 infection?…

A: SARS-COV-2 is Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. it is a strain of Corona virus which…

Q: 5. What are the types of COVID-19 vaccines? What are RNA vaccines and their advantages? What are the…

A: COVID-19, short for "coronavirus disease 2019," is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by…

Q: What are the basic immunological principles behind PEP with rabies immune globulin and the rabies…

A: Introduction: Rabies is a viral infection that can be avoided by staying away from a rabid animal.…

Q: How is the vaccine rate related to herd immunity?

A: Introduction  Immunity refers to the ability of the body to defend itself against foreign…

Q: What are the major differences in the types of vaccines used for Covid-19?

A: COVID-19 (short for "coronavirus disease 2019") is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2…

Q: 2. Describe or draw the most suitable immunological assays or experiments for the following…

A: Designing suitable immunological assays for different scenarios can be critical for the timely and…

Q: one false claim you have heard about vaccine safety /effectiveness.

A: VACCINE - It is a safe and secure biological preparation which protect individual from any harmful…

Q: Match the following types of vaccines with the active antigen each includes

A: Answer -  Live attenuated vaccine - The entire pathogen is used in the vaccine which are weakened or…

Q: a. Why would "vaccinating and revaccinating 80% of people in an endemic area within 4-5 years"…

A: Small Pox:  Variola major and Variola minor were two viral types that produced smallpox. Variola…

Q: what/who are the  exclusion criteria from covid 19 vaccine hesitancy

A: Covid-19 is a pandemic from which the whole world is suffering. To prevent the spread of coronavirus…

Q: The ability of some microbes, such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface molecules and…

A: We know that The protozoan parasitic species present in the genus Trypanosoma causes Human African…

Q: For which of the following reasons is the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries…

A: The main reason behind the severity of COVID-19 in developing countries is the:   Low vaccination…

Q: All of the following are true concerning the Alere HIV test except: a)this test can detect…

A: Introduction  HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus which cause AIDS (Acquired…

Q: priam adverse effect of the vaccine to individuals who never had Due to some reasons such as…

A: Dengue:A viral infection found mostly in tropical as well as sub-tropical climates and one of the…

Q: Adjust the SIR model to allow for vaccination of the susceptibles. Assume that 15% are vaccinated…

A: this stands for the standard susceptible–infectious–recovered model (SIR MODEL) the total population…

Respiratory Infections

Respiratory infections are infectious diseases of the respiratory tract that are mostly caused by bacteria and viruses. They cause infections of the throat, sinuses, airway path, and lungs. Respiratory infections are typically divided into two types: upper tract respiratory infection and lower tract respiratory infection.