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- What kind of techniques would be needed to take the structure properly taken into account in biochemical experiments?Consider why cells developed proteins at all, given the intricate procedures required to transfer DNA to RNA to protein and the fact that RNAs may catalyze reactions. Why not utilize catalytic RNAs instead?The Figure should illustrate the interactions made between the key components of (a) total and (b) non-specific binding reactions.
- Draw the schematic diagram of the protein purification through hydrophobic column chromatography and explain the purpose of each step.Many studies that have revealed important biochemical processes in human beings, including those that underpin the development of new drugs, have been conducted in other organisms. These organisms include mammals such as mice and rats but also extend to single-celled organisms such as yeast. Why is this approach often productive?Consider the image of the attached protein. Now imagine you have a proteolytic enzyme that cleaves peptide-bonds on the C-terminal sides of basic amino acids. If the enzyme cleaves the attached protein, what would the end result be? a.) A single amino acid and a tripeptide b.) two dipeptides Please diagram and explain! Thanks!
- For her undergraduate project, Jessica studied an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction A = B. For substrate A, she determined that Km = 2.5 µM and kcat = 35 min-. Jessica graduated and her project has been passed on to you. Unfortunately, Jessica was so busy that she sometimes forgot to record all of the details of an assay in her lab notebook. Your mentor suggests that you try to back calculate some of the missing concentration values. Assume that the enzyme follows Michaelis- Menten kinetics. In experiment A, where [A] = 5 mM, she found that the initial velocity, Vo, was 454 nM min-'. What was the [E] in experiment A? [E] = 12.98 nM %3DWhy is the regulation of biochemical processes important?List three reasons7) Many early attempts at enzyme engineering tried to design so-called catalytic antibodies. This strategy was used to create an antibody whose antigen was a transition state analogue of the reaction to be catalyzed. Why was this a sound strategy for engineering a biocatalyst?
- You have isolated a new endoglucanase enzyme. Through various enzymes assays, you are trying to determine the optimal conditions for this enzyme's activity. You make the following observations: i. when performing the assay at 40°C using buffers with different possibilities, you observe that the enzyme has no activity below pH 3 or above pH 11. You observe high activity at pH 6 and about 50% of this activity level at pH 5 and pH 7. ii. When performing the assay using a buffer at pH 6, you measure almost no activity at a temperature of 10°C. However, the activity steadily rises when tested at 20°C, 30°C, 40°C and 50°C, where the highest activity was measured, before declining at 60°C. At 70°C there is no measurable activity. Explain the meaning of these observations and identify the optimal pH and temperature conditions for the endoglucanase enzyme. Further more, explain why these observations occur based on your knowledge of the effects of pH and temperature on enzymes.1. Allosteric regulation is an important part of feedback regulation. All of the functions listed below can be performed by an allosteric molecule EXCEPT: A) catalysis of a reaction. B) activation of an enzyme. C) inhibition of an enzyme. D) conformational change of an enzyme.Covalent modification is an effective mechanism for regulating enzyme activity. propose how this regulation is happening (i.e. what is the covalent modification doing to the enzyme?).