At different glucose concentrations (2 mol of glucose, 4 mol of glucose, 8 mol of glucose), at what time, in milliseconds, was the increase in ATP the greatest and how does this affect the potential (mV) graph?
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At different glucose concentrations (2 mol of glucose, 4 mol of glucose, 8 mol of glucose), at what time, in milliseconds, was the increase in ATP the greatest and how does this affect the potential (mV) graph?
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- Calculate glucose concentration. Na (sodium) and glucose secondary active transport. Na transport (which drive glucose import) G=R*T*In(Na in/ Na out)+Z*F*Y(psi symbol) Na in=14mM Na out=145MM Z=+1 F=96.5 KJ/V*mol Y(psi)=-0.05V What is the glucose in and out concentration? Please be very through when explaining this calculation. (I am stuck at why the energy sign changes from negative to positive when using the calculated energy from sodium to glucose)Calculate the actual, physiological ΔG for the reaction at 37 °C, as it occurs in the cytosol of neurons, with phosphocreatine at 4.7 mM, creatine at 1.0 mM, ADP at 0.73 mM, and ATP at 2.6 mM.Free energy changes under intracellular conditions differ markedly from those determined under standard conditions. ΔG°′ = -32.2 kJ/mol for ATP hydrolysis to ADP and Pi. Calculate ΔG for ATP hydrolysis in a cell at 37 °C that contains [ATP] = 3 mM, [ADP] = 1 mM, and 3Pi4 = 1 mM.
- Additional information: ATP production by the ETC and ATP Synthase per glucose varies somewhat depending on the energy required to move NADH into the mitochondria and other energy uses for the hydrogen-ion gradient. Additional questions: 1.) How many ATP's are generally yielded by oxidative phosphorylation from the catabolism of one glucose? 2.) Summarize the total ATP's obtained from a single molecule of glucose, from start to finish? asapIn considering active transport by Na + -K + -ATPase at body temperature (37 o C), 3 Na+ are pumped out of the cell and 2 K + are pumped in for each ATP that is hydrolyzed to ADP + P i . Given that underyour experimental conditions, the DG for ATP hydrolysis is -10 kcal/mol, and that V is -60 mV, and that the pump maintains the internal Na + at 10mM, external Na + at 120 mM, internal K + at 120 mM and external K + at 8mM, what is the efficiency of the pump (i.e., what fraction of the energy available from ATP hydrolysis is required to drive transport at the provided levels)?Calculate the ΔG° for the making of 30 ATP from 30 ADP ATP + H2O ↔ ADP + Pi ∆G°’ = –30.5 kJ/mol ATP + H2O ↔ AMP + PPi ∆G°’ = –45.6 kJ/mol
- . For parts (a) and (b) of this problem use the following standard reduction potentials, free energies, and nonequilibrium concentra- tions of reactants and products: АТР - 3.10 mм P; = 5.90 mM ADP = 220 µM glucose = 5.10 mM pyruvate = 62.0 uM NAD+ = 350 µM NADH = 15.0 μΜ CO, = 15.0 torr half reaction E (V) NAD+ + H+ + 2e→ NADH -0.315 2Pyruvate + 6H* + 4e → glucose -0.590 pyruvate + NADH + 2H+ AG" = -64.4 k)/mol → ethanol + NAD+ + CO, ATP + H,0→ ADP + P; + H* AG" - 30.5 kl/mol (a) Consider the last two steps in the alcoholic fermentation of glu- cose by brewer's yeast: pyruvate + NADH + 2H* » ethanol + NAD* + CO, Calculate the nonequilibrium concentration of ethanol in yeast cells, if AG = -38.3 kJ/mol for this reaction at pH=7.4 and 37 °C when the reactants and products are at the concentrations given above. (b) Consider the degradation of glucose to pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway: glucose + 2ADP + 2P; + 2NAD+ →2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2H,0 + 2NADH + 2H* Calculate AG for this reaction…Calculating ATP Yield 'Assumes an ATP equivalence: 2.5 ATP per NADH and 1.5 ATP per FADH2. * Assumes an ATP equivalence: 3 ATP per NADH and 2 ATP per FADH2. CH3(CH,) COOH ** 1st Formula 2nd Formula Capric Acid (7 x C) - 6 (8.5 x C) -7 Carbons = 10 (7 x 10) - 6 = 64ATP (8.5 x 10) - 7 = 78ATP 1. Palmitic Acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with a 16-carbon backbone. It is found naturally in palm oil and palm kernel oil, as well as in butter, cheese, milk and meat. Its chemical formula is CH;(CH2)14COOH. Calculate ATP using the first formula.A solution containing 0.00001 M ATP has transmission 70.2\% at 260 nm in 1 cm cuvette calculate the transmission of solution in a 3 cm cuvette
- Calculate all the glucose data into cmol. What is the number of cmol glucose at timepont 10.42 (19.65 g/L)?Inside cells, the AG value for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pi is approximately -50 kJ/mol (-12 kcal/mol). Calculate the approximate ratio of [ATP] to [ADP][Pi ] in cells at 37°C. AG = AG + RT InKe R= 8.315 x 10³ kJ mol deg T= 298 K Table 15.1 Standard free energies of hydrolysis of some phosphorylated compounds Compound kJ mol- kcal mol- Phosphoenolpyruvate 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate Creatine phosphate ATP (to ADP) -61.9 -14.8 -49.4 -11.8 -43.1 -10.3 -30.5 - 7.3 - 5.0 Glucose 1-phosphate Pyrophosphate Glucose 6-phosphate -20.9 -19.3 -4.6 -13.8 3.3 Glycerol 3-phosphate - 9.2 2.2 biochemistryGive only typing answer with explanation and conclusion Consider a situation where the electrical potential inside a cell is 173 mV, the electrical potential outside a cell is −60 mV, the concentration of potassium inside the cell is 20 mM and the concentration outside is 166 mM. How many millimoles of glucose are required to create the ATP necessary to transport one mole of potassium into the cell at 25.0 C and pH 7.00? Assume that aerobic respiration is working at maximum efficiency and note that accurate accounting of significant digits will help lead you to the correct answer.