Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration = 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is chargedpositively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = KE A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the chargeas follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.8 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.4 × 10¹ μm, and cell-wall dielectric constant x = 2.0.PositivechargelayerNegativechargelayer1+External fluid+++Axon wall membrane+Internal fluidAxon radius = r+++d+(a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V.)How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V?K+ ionsIs this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per angstrom squared (A²). An atom has a cross section of about 1 Å² (1 Å = 10-10 m). (Compare to normal atomicspacing of one atom every few Å.)O YesO No (b) How much positive charge must flow through the cell membrane to reach the excited state of +3.0 x 10-2 V from the resting state of -7.0 x 10-² V?How many sodium ions (Na+) is this?Na+ ions(c) If it takes 2.0 ms for the Nations to enter the axon, what is the average current in the axon wall in this process?ΜΑ(d) How much energy does it take to raise the potential of the inner axon wall to +3.0 x 10-² V, starting from the resting potential of -7.0 x 10-2 V? (Assume that no energy is required to first raise the potential to 0 V fromresting potential of -7.0 x 10-² V.)J

Answered: Image /qna-images/answer/1cf910c5-6550-487b-aeb0-0282e3791841.jpg

Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration= 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K* ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = x A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.8 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.4 x 10¹ μm, and cell-wall dielectric constant x = 2.0. Positive charge layer Negative charge layer + External fluid Axon wall membrane Internal fluid - Axon radius = r d (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V.) с How many K* ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V? K+ ions Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per angstrom squared (A2). An atom has a cross section of about 1 A² (1 A = 10-10 m). (Compare to normal atomic spacing of one atom every few A.) O Yes ● No

Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration= 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K* ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = x A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.8 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.4 x 10¹ μm, and cell-wall dielectric constant x = 2.0. Positive charge layer Negative charge layer + External fluid Axon wall membrane Internal fluid - Axon radius = r d (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V.) с How many K* ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V? K+ ions Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per angstrom squared (A2). An atom has a cross section of about 1 A² (1 A = 10-10 m). (Compare to normal atomic spacing of one atom every few A.) O Yes ● No

Similar questions

Nerve cells in your body can be electrically stimulated; a large enough change in a membrane potential triggers a nerve impulse. Certain plants work the same way. A touch to mimosa pudica, the “sensitive plant,” causes the leaflets to fold inward and droop. We can trigger this response electrically as well. In one experiment, investigators placed electrodes on the thick tissue at the base of a leaf. The electrodes were 3.5 mm apart. When the electrodes were connected to a 47 μF capacitor charged to 1.5 V, this stimulated a response from the plant.a. Eventually, all the charge on the capacitor was transferred to the plant. How much charge was transferred?b. What was the approximate electric field between the electrodes?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a single-celled yeast that is often used as a model for eukaryotic cells, as it contains all of the important organelles of these cells. The genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as brewer's yeast, has been completely mapped, making it suitable for genetic engineering experiments. The amount of electric charge on the cell walls plays a significant role in the interaction of these cells with their environment. To determine -9 the electric charge on yeast cells, which is a function of their size, the cells are often placed in electric fields and their motion in these fields is measured. In one such experiment, Saccharomyces cells of mass 3.00 x 10- 9 placed at rest in a uniform electric field of magnitude 10.0 N/C were measured to be traveling with a speed of 3.10 x 102 um/s after traversing a distance of 20.0 μm along the direction of the electric field. What was the magnitude and sign of the charge on this batch of yeast cells? (a) magnitude (in…
The surface charge load σ = 1.2 nC/m^2 is 12 from a uniformly loaded disk of 5 cm in diameter. You can calculate an electrical potential for each month. A) 0.231 V B) 0.467 V C) 0.538 V D) 0.325 V E) 0.678 V
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a single-celled yeast that is often used as a model for eukaryotic cells, as it contains all of the important organelles of these cells. The genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as brewer's yeast, has been completely mapped, making it suitable for genetic engineering experiments. The amount of electric charge on the cell walls plays a significant role in the interaction of these cells with their environment. To determine the electric charge on yeast cells, which is a function of their size, the cells are often placed in electric fields and their motion in these fields is measured. In one such experiment, Saccharomyces cells of mass 3.00 x 109 g placed at rest in a uniform electric field of magnitude 10.0 N/C were measured to be traveling with a speed of 3.60 x 10² μm/s after traversing a distance of 16.0 μm along the direction of the electric field. What was the magnitude and sign of the charge on this batch of yeast cells? (a) magnitude (in C)…
v can be determined from: morbol Combining like terms gives: e where AV- accelerating voltage. Rearranging gives: 2eAV m Substitution of (equation 2) into (equation 1) gives: Data N R V T 1 2 m I 22 v² = mv² = eAV, 150 2V nottom of B²r² e 1 2eV m Br mm, qque aswog ogslov rigid lino sifodinilladut m Procedure: C xt)s (equation 2) Sad m 99781 0.140[m] 150 V 2.15CM 10.0215 M 2.04 (equation 3) 1. Set the accelerating voltage and current as given by the instructor.non W 2. Measure the diameter of the circle formed by the electron beam with the centimeter scale next to the vacuum tube. Record the radius of the beam in the data table (not the diameter). :noftaups 901 maoil bur N R V T 101 I Insanal del inobra woman de 190hef de (012) 150 turns 0.140[m] I, SA M 200 V 123.3 cm 0.033m
Assume the axon had a diameter of 30 um and was 5 cm long. The capacitance of this axon would be
Opening of voltage-gated channels is driven by an intramembrane electric field acting on charged voltage-sensor domains. These domains move across the membrane and generate gating (displacement) currents. When these currents are integrated over time, they produce the gating charge generated by a population of channels. What would be the gating charge passing through the external circuit when the flat array of charges moves across the distance a inside the membrane? The hydrophobic thickness of the membrane is d, the dielectric constant ɛ, the density of charges is O and the area of the membrane is A (provide an analytic solution). start end A A a d d
A coaxial conductor has radii r = 0.05 cm and r, = 0.1 cm and a polystyrene dielectric for which ɛ, = 1.56. If P = (-) a ар in the dielectric, find (a) D and E as functions of m2 (b) Vab and xe. (c) If there are 3.5 × 1019 molecules per cubic meter in the dielectric, find p(o).
A myelinated axon conducts nerve impulses at a speed of 40 m/s. What is the signal speed if the thickness of the myelin sheath is halved but no other changes are made to the axon?
An axon is the relatively long tail-like part of a neuron. The outer surface ofthe axon membrane (dielectric constant = 5, thickness = 1 x10 -8 m) ischarged positively, and the inner portion is charged negatively. Thus, themembrane is a kind of capacitor. Assuming that an axon can be treatedlike a parallel plate capacitor with a plate area of 5 x 10 -6 m 2 , what is itscapacitance?