art one ( picture 1 ) a) The stronger acid is  b) Its conjugate base is  c) The species that predominate at equilibrium are (two letters, e.g. ac) part two (picture 2) a) The weaker acid is  b) Its conjugate base is  c) The species that predominate at equilibrium are (two letters, e.g. AC) so which side.

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Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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answer questions a-c about the Bronsted acid-base reaction below using the identifying letters A-D below each structure. The pKa's for the acids of interest are: acetone(pKa=19.3), and water(pKa=15.7). for parts 1 and 2 


part one ( picture 1 )
a) The stronger acid is 
b) Its conjugate base is 
c) The species that predominate at equilibrium are (two letters, e.g. ac)

part two (picture 2)

a) The weaker acid is 
b) Its conjugate base is 
c) The species that predominate at equilibrium are (two letters, e.g. AC) so which side. 

This reaction depicts the methylation of aniline using methanesulfonic acid.

**Reactants:**
- Aniline (A): Represented by the chemical structure with a benzene ring bonded to an NH₂ group.
- Methanesulfonic Acid (B): Depicted by the chemical structure CH₃-S(=O)₂-OH.

**Products:**
- Anilinium (C): Depicted by the chemical structure of a benzene ring with an NH₃⁺ group attached.
- Methanesulfonate (D): Represented by the structure CH₃-S(=O)₂-O⁻.

**Reaction:**
Aniline (A) reacts with methanesulfonic acid (B) to form anilinium (C) and methanesulfonate (D). The methanesulfonic acid acts as a methylating agent, and the aniline is converted to its protonated form, anilinium, while methanesulfonic acid is converted to methanesulfonate.
Transcribed Image Text:This reaction depicts the methylation of aniline using methanesulfonic acid. **Reactants:** - Aniline (A): Represented by the chemical structure with a benzene ring bonded to an NH₂ group. - Methanesulfonic Acid (B): Depicted by the chemical structure CH₃-S(=O)₂-OH. **Products:** - Anilinium (C): Depicted by the chemical structure of a benzene ring with an NH₃⁺ group attached. - Methanesulfonate (D): Represented by the structure CH₃-S(=O)₂-O⁻. **Reaction:** Aniline (A) reacts with methanesulfonic acid (B) to form anilinium (C) and methanesulfonate (D). The methanesulfonic acid acts as a methylating agent, and the aniline is converted to its protonated form, anilinium, while methanesulfonic acid is converted to methanesulfonate.
**Reaction Between Water and a Ketone**

In this chemical equation, we observe the interaction between water (H₂O) and acetone enolate (CH₂=C(OH)CH₃), leading to the formation of hydroxide (OH⁻) and acetone (CH₃COCH₃). Below is the detailed representation and description of the reaction:

1. Water (A):
   - Molecular Formula: H₂O
   - Description: Water serves as the nucleophile in this reaction.

2. Acetone Enolate (B):
   - Molecular Formula: CH₂=C(OH)CH₃
   - Description: Acetone enolate is the enol form of acetone, containing both the carbon-carbon double bond and a hydroxyl group attached to the alpha carbon.

3. Hydroxide (C):
   - Molecular Formula: OH⁻
   - Description: Hydroxide ion is formed as one of the products of the reaction.

4. Acetone (D):
   - Molecular Formula: CH₃COCH₃
   - Description: Acetone is the keto form of acetone enolate, where the double bond shifts to form a carbon-oxygen double bond (carbonyl group).

**Reaction Representation:**
```plaintext
H₂O + CH₂=C(OH)CH₃ ⇌ OH⁻ + CH₃COCH₃

A (Water) + B (Acetone Enolate) ⇌ C (Hydroxide) + D (Acetone)
```

Here’s the step-by-step mechanism:
1. Water molecule attacks the carbon atom adjacent to the double bond in the acetone enolate.
2. Proton transfer leads to the formation of hydroxide ion and acetone.

**Graphical Representation:**
- The double-headed arrow (⇌) indicates that the reaction is in equilibrium, meaning it can proceed in both the forward and reverse directions.

This equilibrium reaction showcases the dynamic interchange between the enol and keto forms of acetone, influenced by the aqueous environment.
Transcribed Image Text:**Reaction Between Water and a Ketone** In this chemical equation, we observe the interaction between water (H₂O) and acetone enolate (CH₂=C(OH)CH₃), leading to the formation of hydroxide (OH⁻) and acetone (CH₃COCH₃). Below is the detailed representation and description of the reaction: 1. Water (A): - Molecular Formula: H₂O - Description: Water serves as the nucleophile in this reaction. 2. Acetone Enolate (B): - Molecular Formula: CH₂=C(OH)CH₃ - Description: Acetone enolate is the enol form of acetone, containing both the carbon-carbon double bond and a hydroxyl group attached to the alpha carbon. 3. Hydroxide (C): - Molecular Formula: OH⁻ - Description: Hydroxide ion is formed as one of the products of the reaction. 4. Acetone (D): - Molecular Formula: CH₃COCH₃ - Description: Acetone is the keto form of acetone enolate, where the double bond shifts to form a carbon-oxygen double bond (carbonyl group). **Reaction Representation:** ```plaintext H₂O + CH₂=C(OH)CH₃ ⇌ OH⁻ + CH₃COCH₃ A (Water) + B (Acetone Enolate) ⇌ C (Hydroxide) + D (Acetone) ``` Here’s the step-by-step mechanism: 1. Water molecule attacks the carbon atom adjacent to the double bond in the acetone enolate. 2. Proton transfer leads to the formation of hydroxide ion and acetone. **Graphical Representation:** - The double-headed arrow (⇌) indicates that the reaction is in equilibrium, meaning it can proceed in both the forward and reverse directions. This equilibrium reaction showcases the dynamic interchange between the enol and keto forms of acetone, influenced by the aqueous environment.
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