Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Question
Are the invertebrates polyphyletic, monophyletic, or paraphyletic? (all organimsms shown are invertebrates except vertebrates)
Transcribed Image Text:The image displays a phylogenetic tree illustrating the evolutionary relationships among different animal groups.
**Description of the Phylogenetic Tree:**
- **Jellyfish**: Positioned at the base, indicating an early divergence in the evolutionary timeline.
- **Flatworms**: Shares a branch with segmented worms, mollusks, roundworms, arthropods, starfish, and vertebrates, showing a common ancestry.
- **Segmented Worms**: Connected to flatworms and other more complex animals, suggesting a shared lineage.
- **Mollusks**: Branches closely with segmented worms and diverges from the lineage leading to roundworms, arthropods, starfish, and vertebrates.
- **Roundworms (Nematodes)**: Part of the branch that includes arthropods, indicating a later divergence from the mollusks and segmented worms.
- **Arthropods**: Shares a more recent common ancestor with starfish and vertebrates, suggesting proximity in evolutionary terms.
- **Starfish**: Positioned closely with vertebrates, indicating a more recent divergence from arthropods.
- **Vertebrates**: Shown as the most recent group to diverge in this tree, sharing a close relationship with starfish.
Each branching point, or node, represents a common ancestor shared between the organisms, illustrating how various animal groups have evolved and diversified over time.
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