Answer the following question: In a space shuttle, the CO2 that the crew exhales is removed from the air by a reaction within canisters of lithium hydroxide. Let's assume that one astronaut exhales about 537, L of CO2 daily. What mass of water will be produced when this amount reacts with LIOH? The other product of the reaction is L¡2CO3. When answering this question include the following: • Have both the unbalanced and balanced chemical equations. Explain how to find the molar mass of the compounds. • Explain how the balanced chemical equation is used to find the ratio of moles (hint: step 3 in the video). • Explain how many significant figures your answer needs to have. The numerical answer

Answer the following question: In a space shuttle, the CO2 that the crew exhales is removed from the air by a reaction within canisters of lithium hydroxide. Let's assume that one astronaut exhales about 537, L of CO2 daily. What mass of water will be produced when this amount reacts with LIOH? The other product of the reaction is L¡2CO3. When answering this question include the following: • Have both the unbalanced and balanced chemical equations. Explain how to find the molar mass of the compounds. • Explain how the balanced chemical equation is used to find the ratio of moles (hint: step 3 in the video). • Explain how many significant figures your answer needs to have. The numerical answer

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Commercial drain cleaners contain sodium hydroxide and aluminum. When water is added to this mixture, the heat that is generated will melt grease and the gas that is created will stir up the particles that are clogging the drain. If the process proceeds according to the following reaction: 2 Al (s) + 2 NaOH (aq) + 6 H2O (l) → 2 NaAl(OH)4 (aq) + 3 H2 (g) If you use 5.6 g of Al (s) and excess sodium hydroxide, how many liters of H2 (g) at 742 mm Hg and 22.0 ˚C are produced?
Nitric acid can be formed in two steps from the atmospheric gases nitrogen and oxygen, plus hydrogen prepared by reforming natural gas. In the first step, nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia: N,(0) + 3 H,(9) → 2 NH,(9) ΔΗ-92. k In the second step, ammonia and oxygen react to form nitric acid and water: NH,(9) + 20,(9) → HNO3(g) + H,O(g) AH=-330. kJ Calculate the net change in enthalpy for the formation of one mole of nitric acid from nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen from these reactions. Round your answer to the nearest kJ. ?
When you have an "upset stomach", most people consume a chemical known as an antacid. Antacids contain the chemical Al(OH)3 which reacts with stomach acid (HCI) in the reaction below. This reaction, between an acid and a base, is commonly called a neutralization. For your convenience, the molar mass of each substance is shown below their formulas (in purple). Use this information to make the requested calculation: (antacid) (stomach acid) Al(OH)3(s) + 3 HCI(aq) --> AICI3(aq) + 3 H20() 78.006 36.461 133.341 18.016 How many moles of stomach acid can be neutralized by 3.60 mol of antacid?
Solid copper can be produced by passing gaseous ammonia over solid copper (II) oxide at high temperatures, according to the following reaction. NH3 (g) + CuO (s) → N2 (g) + Cu (s) + H2O (g) Balance the reaction.
Phosphoric acid, a mild acid used among other things as a rust inhibitor, food additive, and etching agent for cavity repair by dentists, can be made from elemental phosphorus in a two step process. In the first step, phosphorus and oxygen react to form diphosphorus pentoxide: →+P4s 5O2g 2P2O5g In the second step, diphosphorus pentoxide and water react to form phosphoric acid H3PO4 : →+P2O5g 3H2Ol 2H3PO4l Suppose the yield of the first step is 66.% and the yield of the second step is 62.% . Calculate the mass of phosphorus required to make 2.0kg of phosphoric acid. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if needed, and is rounded to the correct number of significant digits.
While ethanol (CH,CH,OH) is produced naturally by fermentation, e.g. in beer- and wine-making, industrially it is synthesized by reacting ethylene (CH,CH,) with water vapor at elevated temperatures. A chemical engineer studying this reaction fills a 125 L tank with 33. mol of ethylene gas and 13. mol of water vapor. When the mixture has come to equilibrium she determines that it contains 24.6 mol of ethylene gas and 4.6 mol of water vapor. The engineer then adds another 17. mol of ethylene, and allows the mixture to come to equilibrium again. Calculate the moles of ethanol after equilibrium is reached the second time. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. dlo mol
For each of the following balanced chemical reactions, identify the type of chemical reaction. If you need to review this concept, select here. Choose... 2 Na(s) + Cl,(g) 2 NaC((s) simple decomposition V simple formation complete combustion 4 PCI(g) + P,(s) + 10 Cl,(g) double replacement 3Cuso,(aq) + 2Fe(s) → Fe,(so,),(aq) + 3Cu single replacement AGNO,(aq) + NaCI(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO,(aq) double replacement + 2 C,H2o(g) + 13 02(g) - 8 CO,(g) + 10 H,0(g) complete combustion +
Aspirin can be synthesized in the lab by combining salicylic acid (C,H,0,) and acetic anhydride (C,H,0,) to form aspirin ( C,H,O.) and acetic acid (C,H,O,). The balanced equation for this reaction is C,H,0, + C,H,O, → C,H,0, + C,H¸0, A student started with 3.33 mL acetic anhydride (density = 1.08 g/mL) and 2.61 g salicylic acid. The student synthesized 2.53 g of aspirin. Select the limiting reactant. salicylic acid (C,H,O,) acetic anhydride (C,H,0,) aspirin (C, H,O,) acetic acid (C,H0,) Calculate the theoretical yield of aspirin (C,H, O,). theoretical yield: uloto the percent yield for aspirin (C, H, O).
A tiny sample of an aqueous solution of two substances R and P is sketched below, as if it was under an imaginary microscope so powerful that individual molecules could be seen. (The water molecules are not shown.) 8 R and P can interconvert. That is, R can turn into P, and P can turn back into R: 113 5 R (aq)=P(aq) R P number of R molecules: number of P molecules: K= The equilibrium constant K for this equilibrium is interconversion reaches equilibrium. $3/1₁ Predict the number of R and P molecules in this sample when the . X
The Apollo 13 mission astronauts are running out of oxygen and need to get rid of the excess carbon dioxide. You know that sodium hydroxide can remove carbon dioxide from the spacecraft cabin. The filter which they had been using is fully saturated and no longer works. The astronauts have a 5 kg container of sodium hydroxide on the ship. The reaction to neutralize the air, remove carbon dioxide with sodium hydroxide is shown below CO2(g) + 2NaOH(s) ⟶⟶ Na2CO3(aq) + H2O(l) The astronauts have 2 days left before they land on earth. You know that there are three astronauts, and each astronaut emits roughly 500. g of carbon dioxide each day. Is there enough sodium hydroxide in the cabin to cleanse the cabin air of the carbon dioxide, or are the astronauts doomed? Calculate how much sodium hydroxide is required to remove all the carbon dioxide from the three astronauts. Be sure to show all your work!
Silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4 ) can be prepared by heating Si in chlorine gas: Si(s) + 2Cl2(g) -> SiCl4(l) In one reaction, 0.507 mole of SiCl4 is produced. What mass (grams) of molecular chlorine were used in the reaction? Choose the nearest answer. MW SiCl4 = 169.9 g/mol; MW Cl = 35.453 g/mol 63 grams 27 grams 72 grams 36 grams
Because of the toxicity of mercury compounds, mercury(I) chloride is used in antibacterial salves. The mercury(I) ion Hg22+ consists of two bound Hg+ ions.How many grams of mercury(I) chloride are needed to saturate 4900 km3 of water (the volume of Lake Michigan)? (Ksp = 1.5 × 10−18) .