An optician directs a beam of light at right angles to the long face (or hypotenuse) of a 45°–45°–90° prism immersed in air, as shown in the figure below. The beam undergoes total internal reflection at each of the two sides making up the legs of the right triangle. For this to occur, what must be the minimum index of refraction for the material making up the prism?   A horizontal ray is normally incident on the long, hypotenuse face of a right-triangular prism. The ray extends unbent to the upper leg of the triangular prism, then reflects to move straight down. The ray is then incident on the lower leg of the triangular prism, and reflects to the left. The ray finally passes unbent through the hypotenuse of the triangular prism and extends to the left.

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Refraction of Light

Refraction is a change in the direction of light rays when they travel from one medium to another. It is the bending of light when it goes through different media.

Angle of Refraction

Light is considered by many scientists to have dual nature, both particle nature and wave nature. First, Particle nature is one in which we consider a stream of packets of energy called photons. Second, Wave nature is considering light as electromagnetic radiation whereas part of it is perceived by humans. Visible spectrum defined by humans lies in a range of 400 to 700 nm wavelengths.

Index of Refraction of Diamond

Diamond, the world’s hardest naturally occurring material and mineral known, is a solid form of the element carbon. The atoms are arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. They exist in a huge variety of colours. Also, they are one of the best conductors of heat and have a very high melting point.