an Learningptsestion 3 of 35>Chapter 4 HW-General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry for Health Sciences - AchieveResources? HintSubmit Answerbo Alkanes are hydrocarbons containing only single bonds.© Macmillan LearningHow many hydrogen atoms are in an acyclic alkane with 7 carbon atoms?H atoms:How many hydrogen atoms are in an acyclic alkane with 12 carbon atoms?H atoms:SEP17目200000000MacBook Pro&678* ∞%Λ14$5RTYU14A900P=1+ 11

Alkanes are hydrocarbons, meaning they are composed of hydrogen (H) and carbon (C) atoms. They are…

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Introductory Chemistry For Today

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Chapter11: Organic Compounds: Alkanes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11.70E

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Distinguish between isomerism and resonance. Distinguish between structural and geometric isomerism. When writing the various structural isomers, the most difficult task is identifying which are different isomers and which are identical to a previously written structurethat is, which are compounds that differ only by the rotation of a carbon single bond. How do you distinguish between structural isomers and those that are identical? Alkenes and cycloalkanes are structural isomers of each other. Give an example of each using C4H8. Another common feature of alkenes and cycloalkanes is that both have restricted rotation about one or more bonds in the compound, so both can exhibit cis- trans isomerism. What is required for an alkene or cycloalkane to exhibit cis-trans isomerism? Explain the difference between cis and trans isomers. Alcohols and ethers are structural isomers of each other, as are aldehydes and ketones. Give an example of each to illustrate. Which functional group in Table 21-4 can be structural isomers of carboxylic acids? What is optical isomerism? What do you look for to determine whether an organic compound exhibits optical isomerism? 1-Bromo-1-chloroethane is optically active whereas 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is not optically active. Explain.
. Alkenes and alkynes are characterized by their ability to undergo rapid, complete reactions, by which other atoms attach themselves to the carbon atoms of the double or triple bond.
What is meant by the term “unsaturated hydrocarbon”? What structural feature characterizes unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Summarize the nomenclature rules for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. Correct the following false statements regarding nomenclature of hydrocarbons. a. The root name for a hydrocarbon is based on the shortest continuous chain of carbon atoms. b. The suffix used to name all hydrocarbons is -ane. c. Substituent groups are numbered so as to give the largest numbers possible. d. No number is required to indicate the positions of double or triple bonds in alkenes and alkynes. e. Substituent groups get the lowest number possible in alkenes and alkynes. f. The ortho- term in aromatic hydrocarbons indicates the presence of two substituent groups bonded to carbon- 1 and carbon-3 in benzene.
What is a hydrocarbon? What is the difference between a saturated hydrocarbon and an unsaturated hydrocarbon? Distinguish between normal and branched hydrocarbons. What is an alkane? What is a cyclic alkane? What are the two general formulas for alkanes? What is the hybridization of carbon atoms in alkanes? What are the bond angles in alkanes? Why are cyclopropane and cyclobutane so reactive? The normal (unbranched) hydrocarbons are often referred to as straight-chain hydrocarbons. What does this name refer to? Does it mean that the carbon atoms in a straight-chain hydrocarbon really have a linear arrangement? Explain. In the shorthand notation for cyclic alkanes, the hydrogens are usually omitted. How do you determine the number of hydrogens bonded to each carbon in a ring structure?
Consider a sample of a hydrocarbon at 0.959 atm and 298 K. Upon combusting the entire sample in oxygen, you collect a mixture of gaseous carbon dioxide and water vapor at 1.51 atm and 375 K. This mixture has a density of 1.391 g/L and occupies a volume four times as large as that of the pure hydrocarbon. Determine the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon and name it.
Done 5Ć 2.) On Table Q, take a look at the "Structural Formula" of all three classes of organic compounds you just named in the previous question. What are some similarities and differences between all three classes of these compounds? SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES >> K Table Q Homologous Series General Formula Name ethane ethene CH₂-ethyne Name alkanes alkenes alkynes Note: sumber of carbon atoms Layout Backgrounds Photos Hydrocarbons Examples Structural Formula HH H-C C-H Ⓒ Stickers PIC COLLAGE Aa Text
.Acetylene molecule C2H2 is - - 47 A -Polar O B - Not polar Cycloalkanes are alkanes that - 48 .have carbon atoms that form A- A ring (called alicyclic compounds). O B - Aromatic compounds. with Br2 to yield - 49 .an addition product A Does not react B - React. .The unit of density is - 50 A - g/cm2. BKm/ cm. C - g/cm3. Benzene *********
Alkanes are hydrocarbons containing only single bonds. How many hydrogen atoms are in an acyclic alkane with 8 carbon atoms? H atoms: How many hydrogen atoms are in an acyclic alkane with 16 carbon atoms? H atoms:
BIIIU X2| X² | → EEE fx| I D e Ix Normal IT」由|三|||| Is the compound If two layers, is the hydrocarbon the top more or less dense or bottom layer Compound Water solubility than water Alkane Alkene Aromatic Unknown Bromine test for double bonds Normal BIIIU X2| X² | → fxl 田=||| |和二 Observations and concluslons for adding Compound bromine Alkane Alkene Aromatic Unknown KMN04 test for double bonds Saved X2| X² | → EE E fx | Ix Normal BII|U Observations and concluslons for adding KMN04 Compound Alkane Alkene Aromatic Unknown
Add hydrogens to each of the hydrocarbons and identify the class of molecule to which each belongs. Add hydrogen to the first hydrocarbon. The first hydrocarbon is an (alkane, alkene, alkyne).
A. Name the following alkanes and cycloalkanes. H H HH H | | || | H-C= c - ċ-c-ċ-H H H H a) CH:CH3 CH= CCCH;CH2CH;CH;CH3 CH2CH3 b) CH-CH,-CH, c) B. Draw the structural formulas for the following molecules. a) 7-methyl-3-octene b) 2-hexyne c) 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene

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