Additive-Increase, Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) refers to... a. TCP increases its round-trip time estimate by 1 second with each ACK received, and divides it by two with each loss event. O b. TCP's congestion control mechanism in the congestion-avoidance phase, in which the congestion windowis increased by 1 maximum segment size (MSS) every round-trip time (RTT), and decreased by 1/2 when there's a loss event indicated by 3 duplicate ACKS. TCP's ability to add additional receivers, one-by-one, until there are too many receivers. At this point, TCP reduces the number of receivers by 1/2 by sending those receivers a reset (RST) packet.

Additive-Increase, Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) refers to... a. TCP increases its round-trip time estimate by 1 second with each ACK received, and divides it by two with each loss event. O b. TCP's congestion control mechanism in the congestion-avoidance phase, in which the congestion windowis increased by 1 maximum segment size (MSS) every round-trip time (RTT), and decreased by 1/2 when there's a loss event indicated by 3 duplicate ACKS. TCP's ability to add additional receivers, one-by-one, until there are too many receivers. At this point, TCP reduces the number of receivers by 1/2 by sending those receivers a reset (RST) packet.

Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)

7th Edition

ISBN:9780133594140

Author:James Kurose, Keith Ross

Publisher:James Kurose, Keith Ross

Chapter1: Computer Networks And The Internet

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem R1RQ: What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end...

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: Given the maximal number of the binary sequence MAX SEQ (e.g., MAX SEQ=7 for three bits), what are…

A: Solution:- Go-Back-N is a specific instance of the automatic repeat request protocol, in which the…

Q: Using the Wired Node 1's TCP congestion window graph for time interval [O-20] second, identify TCP…

A: Congestion refers to a network state where - The message traffic becomes so heavy that it slows down…

Q: For a host machine that uses the Token bucket algorithm for congestion control, the token bucket has…

A: Answer= 1.1 The token bucket technique is modelled after a fixed capacity bucket, with tokens…

Q: Phases of TCP congestion control. Consider the figure below, which plots the evolution of TCP's…

A: Three duplicate Acknowledgement : Three duplicate ACK indicate Mild congestion condition in this…

Q: Give a simple heuristic for finding two paths through a network from a given source to a given…

A: The following simple heuristic uses the shortest path algorithm to discover two paths that can…

Q: Consider delivering voice through a direct connection network from Host A to Host B. (for example,…

Q: What is the number of messages required to send a file F of 4 Mbits from one station to another?…

A: In networking, data transmission involves breaking information into small pieces called…

Q: For NAT Network Address Translation Scenario: Jenny Bello is a small business owner selling and…

A: We need to answer questions related to private IPv4 address.

Q: Congestion window size (in segments) 40 35 r 30 25 20 15 10 5 O 3.7-2c Phases of TCP congestion…

A: TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol which is a reliable and connection oriented protocol.…

Q: Problem ZI ). A stop-and-wait protocol (recap textbook Ch 3.3.3 or lecture 9) is a simple data link…

A: The investigation of a stop-and-wait protocol, a basic data link layer flow control technique, is at…

Q: The following event is shown to occur in the figure below illustrating the operation of TCP Reno.…

A: The variable "sshthresh" in TCP Reno represents the slow start threshold. It determines the point at…

Q: Provide the steps of Distance Vector Routing for the following routers. You can start with R1 and…

A: The complete solution is given below:-

Q: Congestion window size (segments) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 LO 5 0 02 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26…

A: In TCP Reno, the segment loss event occurs when three duplicate acknowledgments (also known as…

Q: A. During which of the following intervals of time is TCP performing slow start"? B. During which of…

A: The question is asking to identify the intervals of time during which TCP is performing slow start,…

Q: Give some details of how you might augment the sliding window protocol with flow control by having…

Q: Consider that only a single TCP (Reno) connection uses one 10Mbps link which does not buffer any…

A: A The maximum window size that this TCP connection can achieve is 10 segments. BThe average window…

Q: The following event is shown to occur in the figure below illustrating the operation of TCP Reno.…

A: In TCP Reno, the segment loss event occurs when three duplicate acknowledgments (also known as…

Question

Additive-Increase, Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) refers to...
a. TCP increases its round-trip time estimate by 1 second with each ACK received, and divides it by two with each loss event.
O b. TCP's congestion control mechanism in the congestion-avoidance phase, in which the congestion window is increased by 1
maximum segment size (MSS) every round-trip time (RT), and decreased by 1/2 when there's a loss event indicated by 3
duplicate ACKS.
c. TCP's ability to add additional receivers, one-by-one, until there are too many receivers. At this point, TCP reduces the number
of receivers by 1/2 by sending those receivers a reset (RST) packet.

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

This is a popular solution!

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

VIEW

Step 2

VIEW

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Similar questions

Network & Data Communcations
Question 2 please (a,b,c,d included)
Consider one TCP connection on a path with a bottleneck link with capacity L. We have a file of size F(assume F is a very large file size). If TCP segment size is B bytes, the two-way propagation delay is tp and connection is always in congestion avoidance phase, find the following: A. Maximum window size that TCP can achieve B. Average window size and average throughput in this TCP connection C. Time it will take from connection establishment to reaching the maximum window size.
1. If the values of user tool frame UT[2] is (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) in the robot system, then UT[2] (a) is not activated in the robot system (b) cannot be used in recording robot point P[n] (c) coincides with default TCP frame (Def-TCP) of the robot in the robot system (d) coincides with robot world frame R in the robot system 2. A frame transformation is given as 4T; = (X,Y,Z,W,P, R) = (0,0,0, –90, 0, 90). The corresponding graphical representation of the given frame transformation is (a) (b) y y
Suppose nodes A and B are on the same 10 Mbps broadcast channel, and the propagation delay between the two nodes is 245 bit-times. Suppose A and B send Ethernet frames at the same time. Suppose the transmission time of the entire frame is 295 bit-times. So, the frames collide, and then A and B choose different values of K in the CSMA/CD algorithm. A node chooses the value of K at random from {0,1,2,...2n−1} where n is the number of collisions experienced on the channel – note n is set to 1 in this case). For Ethernet, the actual amount of time a node waits is K*512 bit times (i.e., K times the amount of time needed to send 512 bits into the Ethernet). Suppose A chooses a K value of 0 and B chooses a K value of 1. Assuming no other nodes are active, can the retransmissions from A and B collide? Justify your answer by showing all the intermediate steps of your calculations.
Suppose two TCP connections share a path through a router R. The router's queue size is six segments; each connection has a stable congestion window of three segments. No congestion control is used by these connections. A third TCP connection now is attempted, also through R. The third connection does not use congestion control either. Describe a scenario in which, for at least a while, the third connection gets none of the available bandwidth, and the first two connections proceed with 50% each. Does it matter if the third connection uses slow start? How does full congestion avoidance on the part of the first two connections help solve this?
Consider a simple congestion-control algorithm that uses linear increase and multiplicative decrease but not slow start, that works in units of packets rather than bytes, and that starts each connection with a congestion window equal to one packet. Give a detailed sketch of this algorithm. Assume the delay is latency only and that when a group of packets is sent only a single ACK is returned. Plot the congestion window as a function of round-trip times for the situation in which the following packets are lost: 9, 25, 30, 38, and 50. For simplicity, assume a perfect timeout mechanism that detects a lost packet exactly 1 RTT after it is transmitted.
In the congestion control method of TCP we are having a connection between nodes A and node B which is called connection X. There is another TCP connection between node C and node D which is called connection Y. The initial threshold window size for connection X is 20 KB and for Y is 16 KB. Both the connections X, Y are working independently and follow the Additive increase multiplicative decrease algorithm (AIMD) for congestion control with a maximum segment size of 2 KB. The first timeout occurs at the fifth transmission in connection X and at the sixth transmission in connection Y. After every third transmission from timeout, you again encounter the timeout in both X and Y. At which transmission the connection Y reaches to the same threshold value of the connection X for the first time.
39. The figure below shows the TCP Congestion Window for various transmission rounds of a TCP connection. 20 18 16 14 12 10 4 2 2 4 6 10 12 14 16 18 20 Transmission Round How many more (or less) segments will TCP Tahoe send compared to TCP Reno between the transmission rounds 12 and 16 inclusive (i.e., t12 to t16) for the same sequence of events as shown in the graph above (i.e., loss events at t11, tl4 and t16)? a. TCP Tahoe send 13 less segments compared to TCP Reno b. TCP Tahoe send 20 more segments compared to TCP Reno c. TCP Tahoe send 13 more segments compared to TCP Reno d. TCP Tahoe send 20 less segments compared to TCP Reno e. TCP Tahoe send 28 less segments compared to TCP Reno Congestion Window (MSS) 00