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The following event is shown to occur in the figure below illustrating the operation of TCP Reno. For the following prompt, clearly state where it occurs and how we can identify where this event occurs based on the shape of the graph or changes to the congestion window size. a.) The initial value of sshthresh.

The following event is shown to occur in the figure below illustrating the operation of TCP Reno. For the following prompt, clearly state where it occurs and how we can identify where this event occurs based on the shape of the graph or changes to the congestion window size. a.) The initial value of sshthresh.

Database System Concepts
Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
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The following event is shown to occur in the figure below illustrating the operation of TCP Reno. For the following prompt, clearly state where it occurs and how we can identify where this event occurs based on the shape of the graph or changes to the congestion window size.

a.) The initial value of sshthresh.

This graph illustrates the growth of the congestion window size (measured in segments) over multiple transmission rounds. ### Key Features of the Graph: **X-Axis (Horizontal):** - Labeled as "Transmission round." - Represents the number of transmission rounds ranging from 0 to 26. **Y-Axis (Vertical):** - Labeled as "Congestion window size (segments)." - Represents the size of the congestion window, ranging from 0 to 45 segments. **Plot Description:** - The plotted data points, connected by lines, show the size of the congestion window over each transmission round. - Initially, the congestion window size starts at 0 and grows steadily for the first 8 transmission rounds, reaching around 30 segments by round 8. - From rounds 8 to 15, the congestion window size continues to increase but at a slower rate, reaching its peak size just below 40 segments by round 15. - A noticeable drop occurs between rounds 15 and 16, where the window size decreases sharply to around 20 segments. - The size then increases again from round 16 to round 22, where it reaches slightly over 30 segments. - Another significant drop is observed between rounds 22 and 24, where the window size falls rapidly to around 0 segments. - Following this drop, the congestion window size begins to rise again slightly toward the end of the graph. ### Interpretation: This graph likely represents the behavior of a congestion control algorithm, such as TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). The cyclical pattern of growth and sudden drops can be typical of TCP's congestion avoidance and recovery mechanisms: 1. **Slow Start:** Initial rapid increase in window size (rounds 0-8). 2. **Congestion Avoidance:** Gradual increase in window size (rounds 8-15). 3. **Congestion Detection and Recovery:** Sharp decrease due to congestion detection (rounds 15-16) and subsequent gradual increase (rounds 16-22). 4. **Re-detection and Recovery:** Another sharp decline followed by a slight recovery (rounds 22-26). Understanding these patterns is crucial for network performance analysis and optimization.
Transcribed Image Text:This graph illustrates the growth of the congestion window size (measured in segments) over multiple transmission rounds. ### Key Features of the Graph: **X-Axis (Horizontal):** - Labeled as "Transmission round." - Represents the number of transmission rounds ranging from 0 to 26. **Y-Axis (Vertical):** - Labeled as "Congestion window size (segments)." - Represents the size of the congestion window, ranging from 0 to 45 segments. **Plot Description:** - The plotted data points, connected by lines, show the size of the congestion window over each transmission round. - Initially, the congestion window size starts at 0 and grows steadily for the first 8 transmission rounds, reaching around 30 segments by round 8. - From rounds 8 to 15, the congestion window size continues to increase but at a slower rate, reaching its peak size just below 40 segments by round 15. - A noticeable drop occurs between rounds 15 and 16, where the window size decreases sharply to around 20 segments. - The size then increases again from round 16 to round 22, where it reaches slightly over 30 segments. - Another significant drop is observed between rounds 22 and 24, where the window size falls rapidly to around 0 segments. - Following this drop, the congestion window size begins to rise again slightly toward the end of the graph. ### Interpretation: This graph likely represents the behavior of a congestion control algorithm, such as TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). The cyclical pattern of growth and sudden drops can be typical of TCP's congestion avoidance and recovery mechanisms: 1. **Slow Start:** Initial rapid increase in window size (rounds 0-8). 2. **Congestion Avoidance:** Gradual increase in window size (rounds 8-15). 3. **Congestion Detection and Recovery:** Sharp decrease due to congestion detection (rounds 15-16) and subsequent gradual increase (rounds 16-22). 4. **Re-detection and Recovery:** Another sharp decline followed by a slight recovery (rounds 22-26). Understanding these patterns is crucial for network performance analysis and optimization.
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