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Congestion window size (segments) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0- 02 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 Transmission round

Congestion window size (segments) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0- 02 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 Transmission round

Database System Concepts
Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1PE
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The following event is shown to occur in the figure below illustrating the operation of TCP Reno. For the following prompt, clearly state where it occurs and how we can identify where this event occurs based on the shape of the graph or changes to the congestion window size.

a.) TCP congestion avoidance.

### Understanding TCP Congestion Control Mechanisms #### Introduction In computer networks, managing congestion is an essential task to ensure the smooth transmission of data. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) employs a congestion control mechanism to adjust the rate of data transmission based on network conditions. This visualization elucidates the fluctuation of the 'Congestion Window Size' over various 'Transmission Rounds', illustrating how TCP adapts to changing network states. #### Graph Description **Title**: Congestion Window Size vs. Transmission Round **Axes**: - **X-Axis (Horizontal)**: Represents the Transmission Rounds, ranging from 0 to 26. - **Y-Axis (Vertical)**: Represents the Congestion Window Size, measured in segments, ranging from 0 to 45. **Plot Explanation**: - The line graph depicts how the congestion window size varies over 26 transmission rounds. - Initially, the congestion window size starts at 0 segments. - Between transmission rounds 0 to 7, the congestion window size increases sharply, reflecting the 'Slow Start' phase of TCP congestion control. - From rounds 8 to about 13, the growth rate moderates, representing the transition into the 'Congestion Avoidance' phase. - There are noticeable drops in the congestion window size around transmission rounds 13 and 18, indicating possible packet losses detected by TCP, which triggers the 'Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery' phases. - Following these drops, the congestion window size incrementally increases again, suggesting continued data transmission with adjusted rates. - The second major drop occurs around transmission round 21, followed by another phase of gradual recovery. #### Key Concepts: - **Slow Start**: Initial phase of congestion control where the congestion window size exponentially increases until a threshold is reached. - **Congestion Avoidance**: The phase where the congestion window size increases linearly to avoid potential congestion. - **Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery**: Techniques used by TCP to handle packet loss efficiently. Fast Retransmit helps in detecting lost packets quicker, and Fast Recovery helps in reducing the impact on the transmission rate. Understanding the behavior depicted in this graph is crucial for networking professionals and students to grasp how TCP dynamically adjusts its parameters to maintain efficient and reliable data transmission despite varying network conditions. The cyclical pattern of drastic reductions followed by gradual increases in congestion window size is a fundamental characteristic of TCP's responsive nature to network congestion.
Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding TCP Congestion Control Mechanisms #### Introduction In computer networks, managing congestion is an essential task to ensure the smooth transmission of data. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) employs a congestion control mechanism to adjust the rate of data transmission based on network conditions. This visualization elucidates the fluctuation of the 'Congestion Window Size' over various 'Transmission Rounds', illustrating how TCP adapts to changing network states. #### Graph Description **Title**: Congestion Window Size vs. Transmission Round **Axes**: - **X-Axis (Horizontal)**: Represents the Transmission Rounds, ranging from 0 to 26. - **Y-Axis (Vertical)**: Represents the Congestion Window Size, measured in segments, ranging from 0 to 45. **Plot Explanation**: - The line graph depicts how the congestion window size varies over 26 transmission rounds. - Initially, the congestion window size starts at 0 segments. - Between transmission rounds 0 to 7, the congestion window size increases sharply, reflecting the 'Slow Start' phase of TCP congestion control. - From rounds 8 to about 13, the growth rate moderates, representing the transition into the 'Congestion Avoidance' phase. - There are noticeable drops in the congestion window size around transmission rounds 13 and 18, indicating possible packet losses detected by TCP, which triggers the 'Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery' phases. - Following these drops, the congestion window size incrementally increases again, suggesting continued data transmission with adjusted rates. - The second major drop occurs around transmission round 21, followed by another phase of gradual recovery. #### Key Concepts: - **Slow Start**: Initial phase of congestion control where the congestion window size exponentially increases until a threshold is reached. - **Congestion Avoidance**: The phase where the congestion window size increases linearly to avoid potential congestion. - **Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery**: Techniques used by TCP to handle packet loss efficiently. Fast Retransmit helps in detecting lost packets quicker, and Fast Recovery helps in reducing the impact on the transmission rate. Understanding the behavior depicted in this graph is crucial for networking professionals and students to grasp how TCP dynamically adjusts its parameters to maintain efficient and reliable data transmission despite varying network conditions. The cyclical pattern of drastic reductions followed by gradual increases in congestion window size is a fundamental characteristic of TCP's responsive nature to network congestion.
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