ACE-I are known renoprotective (protect the kidney) Is BB (beta blocker) is renoprotective,, yes or NO and Why??  Is CCB (calcium channel blocker) is renoprotective?, yes or no and Why?? Pathophysiology and pharmacologest

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Substance Abuse

Substance abuse refers to the use of illegal drugs in excessive quantities, as well as the misuse of legal substances such as prescription or over-the-counter pharmaceuticals or alcohol for purposes other than those intended. Drug addiction, also known as substance use disorder, is a disease that affects the brain and behavior of a person. It leads to a failure to control the use of any drug or prescription, legal or illegal.