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About cardiotonic glycosides, based on a digoxin structure in the image:
- Show with a circle the aglycone structure in the molecule.
- Which part of the molecule is essential for cardiotonic activity? Make a square around it.
- How does the glycosidic portion aid in pharmacological activity, although it is not essential?
Since you have posted multiple questions, we will answer first two questions for you. If you want answer for a particular question then please specify the question number or re-post that question only.
The class of organic compounds which increases the cardiac out of the heart by increasing the contraction of heart muscles is known as cardiac glycosides. The contracting force of the heart is increased by inhibiting the sodium-potassium ATPase pump in heart muscles cells. In sodium-potassium ATPase pump the sodium ions moves out of the cell and the potassium ions moves inside the cells. The cardiac glycoside prevents the exit of sodium ions which leads to the increase in the sodium concentration within the cell. This leads to the rapid depolarization which causes contraction of the heart muscle.
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