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According to this article whats the role of TNF in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Expand on how the signaling pathway is disrupted in your answer.

According to this article whats the role of TNF in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Expand on how the signaling pathway is disrupted in your answer.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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According to this article whats the role of TNF in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Expand on how the signaling pathway is disrupted in your answer.

**Article Title:** The role of TNF-α in rheumatoid arthritis: a focus on regulatory T cells **Authors:** Mark Farrugia and Byron Baron **Abstract:** Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder causing chronic inflammation and joint destruction. T cells, key in the synovial environment of RA, have an unclear functional role. The balance of regulatory T cells (T_regs) and T-effector cells in RA is not fully understood. Current treatments aim at controlling symptoms with Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors being pivotal. TNF-α's high levels affect T_reg functions. This article examines TNF-α's impact and treatment implications, focusing on immune system modulation at the synovial level. **Relevance for Patients:** By understanding T_regs in RA and TNF-α's effects, patients may better understand treatment mechanisms involving various immune system areas. **Keywords:** Rheumatoid arthritis, regulatory T cells, TNF-α therapy, joint inflammation **1. Introduction:** RA manifests as chronic joint inflammation, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. It involves synovial inflammation, hyperplasia, autoantibody production, and cartilage/bone destruction. Factors contributing to RA include genetic background, smoking, and environmental exposures. **Pathophysiology:** A hyperplastic synovium loses its protective effect, leading to cartilage erosion. Cytokines like TNF-α and IL-1 facilitate this process. Studies reveal regional differences in RA prevalence across Europe. **Epidemiology:** RA prevalence ranges widely across Europe, with gradients observed between the North and South. **Treatment:** Treatment strategies focus on symptom control and joint damage prevention. Common medications include NSAIDs, DMARDs, and TNF-α inhibitors. **Figure 1 (Explanation):** Figure 1 would typically show a diagram or chart illustrating RA treatment drugs, possibly depicting mechanisms or pathways affected by these treatments. **References:** - The document includes references supporting statistical data, regional prevalence rates, and treatment efficacy studies. **Note:** This article aims to improve understanding of RA treatment, especially targeting the immune system at different levels.
Transcribed Image Text:**Article Title:** The role of TNF-α in rheumatoid arthritis: a focus on regulatory T cells **Authors:** Mark Farrugia and Byron Baron **Abstract:** Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder causing chronic inflammation and joint destruction. T cells, key in the synovial environment of RA, have an unclear functional role. The balance of regulatory T cells (T_regs) and T-effector cells in RA is not fully understood. Current treatments aim at controlling symptoms with Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors being pivotal. TNF-α's high levels affect T_reg functions. This article examines TNF-α's impact and treatment implications, focusing on immune system modulation at the synovial level. **Relevance for Patients:** By understanding T_regs in RA and TNF-α's effects, patients may better understand treatment mechanisms involving various immune system areas. **Keywords:** Rheumatoid arthritis, regulatory T cells, TNF-α therapy, joint inflammation **1. Introduction:** RA manifests as chronic joint inflammation, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. It involves synovial inflammation, hyperplasia, autoantibody production, and cartilage/bone destruction. Factors contributing to RA include genetic background, smoking, and environmental exposures. **Pathophysiology:** A hyperplastic synovium loses its protective effect, leading to cartilage erosion. Cytokines like TNF-α and IL-1 facilitate this process. Studies reveal regional differences in RA prevalence across Europe. **Epidemiology:** RA prevalence ranges widely across Europe, with gradients observed between the North and South. **Treatment:** Treatment strategies focus on symptom control and joint damage prevention. Common medications include NSAIDs, DMARDs, and TNF-α inhibitors. **Figure 1 (Explanation):** Figure 1 would typically show a diagram or chart illustrating RA treatment drugs, possibly depicting mechanisms or pathways affected by these treatments. **References:** - The document includes references supporting statistical data, regional prevalence rates, and treatment efficacy studies. **Note:** This article aims to improve understanding of RA treatment, especially targeting the immune system at different levels.
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