A single-mode step-index fibre in doped silica is designed for operation at a wavelength of 1.31 um. What is the practical significance of this choice of wavelength? Assuming that the V-value of the fibre at 1.31 um is close to its maximum for single mode operation, calculate the V-value at 1.56 um and discuss its suitability for operation at the longer wavelength. and discuss its prey for For operation at 1.31 µm, the chosen fibre has a core of refractive index 1.457 and a refractive index difference of 2.5.10-3 between core and cladding. What is the maximum core diameter compatible with single mode operation at 1.31 μm?

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Debye Theory of Solids

In solid-state physics, debye theory is used to estimate the phonons contributing to the specific heat capacity in a solid. It explains that the specific heat is a consequence of the vibrations of the atomic lattice of the solid, which is in contrast to the Einstein model. In the Einstein model, solids are treated as independent, non-interacting quantum harmonic oscillators. This model clearly explains the low-temperature dependence of the heat capacity, which is proportional to T3. This is known as Debye T3 law.