**Scaffold Proteins in Multi-step Reactions**A scaffold protein can serve as a platform to accommodate a collection of enzymes involved in catalyzing multi-step reactions. Imagine a scaffold protein that anchors its soluble enzymes to be located near the cytoplasmic membrane. What interactions does the scaffold protein likely use to achieve this?**Options:**1. Electrostatic interactions through a domain inserted into the membrane, and hydrophobic interactions with the enzymes.2. Hydrophobic interactions through a domain inserted into the membrane, and hydrophobic interactions with the enzymes.3. Electrostatic interactions through a domain inserted into the membrane, and electrostatic interactions with the enzymes.4. Hydrophobic interactions through a domain inserted into the membrane, and electrostatic interactions with the enzymes.This question explores the possible interactions a scaffold protein could utilize to effectively position enzymes for multi-step reactions near the cytoplasmic membrane.

Scaffold proteins can serve as a platform to accommodate multiple enzymes involved multi-step…

Answered: A scaffold protein can serve as a…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus are two organelles that are not physically joined, yet materials can still be exchanged between them. How can materials, such as proteins, move between the ER and Golgi when these organelles are not touching each other? A) When a substance such as a protein needs to move between these organelles, it is first dismantled in one organelle, then reassembled when it arrives at the other organelle. B) Substances such as proteins can travel between these organelles within transport vesicles. C) None of these; a single molecule will not go from one organelle to another. D) Substances like proteins will move between these organelles by diffusion through the cytoplasm. ..
Why are proteins unfolded in order to enter the mitohondria during post-translational transport? Which transport proteins do they enter through? Is it a receptor? Does it take energy to bring the unfolded protein in? What kind of proteins are brought into the mitochondria and why? Also, why are the proteins folded back up once it enters the mitochindria? Please help me understand this a little bit better...Thank you
The enzymes GICNAC phosphotrasnferase is a key enzyme involved in the transporting of proteins from the trans-Golgi to the lysozyme. In addition to the catalytic function of the enzyme that involves certain sugars, what is the second critical function of this enzyme? O It recognizes internal signal sequences found on lysozyme-targeted proteins. O It drives the binding of a phosphorylated GlcNac group onto a mannose residue. O It facilitates the reversible binding of specific proteins to the M6P receptor O In is essential for the recruitment of clathrin triskelions to the budding vesicle.
State how the below perturbations will affect (or not) an autocell’s ability to survive. Provide your reasoning in each case. (a) Depletion of a substrate that is part of the autocatalytic cycle (b) Formation of a modified product (due to the uptake of a modified substrate) that functions as a receptor
The biomolecular interaction between protein receptors and ligands is similar to that of en- zymes and substrates, which depends in part on the shape of the protein. The shape of a protein, in turn, depends on the presence of appropriate chemical bonds in the protein. Many common medications function by altering the interactions between protein receptors and ligands, thereby interfering with the normal response of a cell to specific signals. Which of the following best describes a mechanism by which a drug might interfere with a normal cellular response? A B A medication causes the cell to become more permeable and unable to maintain the conditions that allow a normal response. с A medication interrupts the electron transport chain in a cell and makes it unable to syn- thesize sufficient ATP. D A medication enters the nucleus of a cell and alters the nucleic sequence for a specific receptor protein. A medication enters a target cell and acts as an inhibitor to an intercellular protein…
If X: is a nucleophile that attacks ATP, use arrows to show the location of attack and draw the structure of the products of a phosphorylation reaction with ATP (do not draw the adenosine portion, but simply use the word “adenosine” in your structure.
Which of the following statements are correct about how the complex biological matrix of the cell may affect protein folding, stability and function (select all that appy)? A. ATP tends to "bounce" along the surfaces of many proteins without forming a stable complex B. Proteins make up approximately 30% of the total volume of the cytoplasm in a typical cell C. Compettition between drug molecules and metabolites in the cytoplasm may cause unexpected drug side effects not seen with individual proteins in solution. D. Large protein complexes move faster through the cytoplasm than small metabolites. E. Complex intercations between proteins in the cell may significantly destabilize a protein compared to the isolated protein in water
In conditions of dehydration, plant cells can increase their water retention by regulating the function of some or all of their aquaporins, membrane-bound protein channels that allow water to move through the cell membrane via facilitated diffusion. Which of the following describes a likely mechanism by which aquaporins can be used to regulate the movement of water across the plant cell membrane? A B с D Synthesis of additional aquaporins by the plant cell ribosomes will allow the cell to coun- teract the movement of water out of the cell. Inhibition of ATP hydrolysis will make the aquaporins unable to remove water from the cell and cause more water to remain in the cell. Inactivation of aquaporins will make water molecules unable to move across the plant cell membrane and allow more water to remain in the cell. Inhibition of the plant cell Golgi apparatus will decrease the production rate of vesicles and slow down the exocytosis of water molecules.

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