A pharmaceutical company has developed a new flu vaccine. To test its effectiveness, the company recruits 1000 volunteers to participate. The participants are divided into two groups. Care is taken to make the two groups similar in composition with respect to factors such as race, gender, and medical history. One group is given the new vaccine. The other group is given a placebo (a saline solution that looks like the vaccine but contains no vaccine). The participants are not aware of whether they are receiving the vaccine or the placebo. The doctors giving the injection are also unaware of which participants are in which group. Six months later, the participants are contacted. For each group, the percentage of participants who contracted the flu at any point over the six months is recorded. The company will compare these percentages between the two groups. (a) First choose whether the procedure described above is an observational study or a designed experiment. Then further categorize the procedure by choosing the correct type of observational study or designed experiment. (b) Which one of the following best describes the explanatory (independent) and response (dependent) variables? (c) Suppose there is a significant difference in the percentage of participants who contracted the flu between the two groups. Has the company found evidence to support a claim that the difference in flu contraction is caused by the vaccine? Choose the best answer below.

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Question

A pharmaceutical company has developed a new flu vaccine. To test its effectiveness, the company recruits 1000 volunteers to participate. The participants are divided into two groups. Care is taken to make the two groups similar in composition with respect to factors such as race, gender, and medical history. One group is given the new vaccine. The other group is given a placebo (a saline solution that looks like the vaccine but contains no vaccine). The participants are not aware of whether they are receiving the vaccine or the placebo. The doctors giving the injection are also unaware of which participants are in which group. Six months later, the participants are contacted. For each group, the percentage of participants who contracted the flu at any point over the six months is recorded. The company will compare these percentages between the two groups.

(a) First choose whether the procedure described above is an observational study or a designed experiment. Then further categorize the procedure by choosing the correct type of observational study or designed experiment.

(b) Which one of the following best describes the explanatory (independent) and response (dependent) variables?

(c) Suppose there is a significant difference in the percentage of participants who contracted the flu between the two groups. Has the company found evidence to support a claim that the difference in flu contraction is caused by the vaccine? Choose the best answer below.