A farmer who wants to enter the milk industry has purchased a modest venture of 12 heterozygous cows in the herd, all with two dominant cis-linked genes: production of a high volume of milk (+) and a high fertility (+). Recessive alleles (a) and (b), respectively, are present. On chromosome 3, the two genes are 25 cM apart. Bulls owned by two of the farmer's close neighbors are heterozygous for these characteristics as well. The second neighbor's bull has one dominant and one recessive allele from each characteristic on each homolog, but the first neighbor's bull shares the same alleles linked to his cows. 1. What parental genotypes should be crossed if the farmer wants to produce the most calves with high milk output and high fertility? 2. What are the F1 phenotypic frequencies of the cross between the farmer's bull and that of his first neighbor?

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Inheritance and Mendelian Genetics

Inheritance means the passing of traits to offspring from parents. These traits could be passed either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. The offspring receives the genetic material from the parents. Mendelian inheritance is a certain biological inheritance that follows the rules and principles laid down by Gregor Mendel in 1865. The initial hypothesis was considered wrong, but other inheritance theories modified the concept of inheritance and thus genetics.