A common symptom of otitis media in young children is the prolonged presence of fluid in the middle ear, known as middle-ear effusion. The presence of fluid may result in tem- porary hearing loss and interfere with normal learning skills in the first 2 years of life. One hypothesis is that babies who are breastfed for at least 1 month build up some immunity against the effects of the infection and have less prolonged effusion than do bottle-fed babies. A small study of 24 pairs of babies is set up, in which the babies are matched on a one-to-one basis according to age, sex, socioeconomic status, and type of medications taken. One member of the matched pair is a breastfed baby, and the other member is a bottle-fed baby. The outcome variable is the duration of middle-ear effusion after the first episode of otitis media. The results are given in images. a) What hypotheses are being tested here? b) Why might a nonparametric test be useful in testing the hypotheses? c) Which nonparametric test should be used here? d) Test the hypothesis that the duration of effusion is different among breastfed babies than among bottle-fed babies using a nonparametric test.
A common symptom of otitis media in young children is the
prolonged presence of fluid in the middle ear, known as
middle-ear effusion. The presence of fluid may result in tem-
porary hearing loss and interfere with normal learning skills
in the first 2 years of life. One hypothesis is that babies who
are breastfed for at least 1 month build up some immunity
against the effects of the infection and have less prolonged
effusion than do bottle-fed babies. A small study of 24 pairs
of babies is set up, in which the babies are matched on a
one-to-one basis according to age, sex, socioeconomic
status, and type of medications taken. One member of the
matched pair is a breastfed baby, and the other member is
a bottle-fed baby. The outcome variable is the duration of
middle-ear effusion after the first episode of otitis media.
The results are given in images.
a) What hypotheses are being tested here?
b) Why might a nonparametric test be useful in testing
the hypotheses?
c) Which nonparametric test should be used here?
d) Test the hypothesis that the duration of effusion is
different among breastfed babies than among bottle-fed
babies using a nonparametric test.
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