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(a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V.) 0.0000000✔✔✔ C How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V? 0.0000000 X Your response differs significantly from the correct answer. Rework your solution from the beginning and check each step carefully. K+ ions Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per angstrom squared (A2). An atom has a cross section of about 1 A² (1 Å= 10-10 m). (Compare to normal atomic spacing of one atom every few Å.) Yes No (b) How much positive charge must flow through the cell membrane to reach the excited state of +3.0 x 10-2 V from the resting state of -7.0 x 10-² V? 0.0000000 X Your response is within 10% of the correct value. This may be due to roundoff error, or you could have a mistake in your calculation. Carry out all intermediate results to at least four-digit accuracy to minimize roundoff error. C How many sodium ions (Na+) is this? 737000000 X Your response is within 10% of the correct value. This may be due to roundoff error, or you could have a mistake in your calculation. Carry out all intermediate results to at least four-digit accuracy to minimize roundoff error. Na+ ions

(a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V.) 0.0000000✔✔✔ C How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V? 0.0000000 X Your response differs significantly from the correct answer. Rework your solution from the beginning and check each step carefully. K+ ions Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per angstrom squared (A2). An atom has a cross section of about 1 A² (1 Å= 10-10 m). (Compare to normal atomic spacing of one atom every few Å.) Yes No (b) How much positive charge must flow through the cell membrane to reach the excited state of +3.0 x 10-2 V from the resting state of -7.0 x 10-² V? 0.0000000 X Your response is within 10% of the correct value. This may be due to roundoff error, or you could have a mistake in your calculation. Carry out all intermediate results to at least four-digit accuracy to minimize roundoff error. C How many sodium ions (Na+) is this? 737000000 X Your response is within 10% of the correct value. This may be due to roundoff error, or you could have a mistake in your calculation. Carry out all intermediate results to at least four-digit accuracy to minimize roundoff error. Na+ ions

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Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential length excited = nerve speed × pulse duration = 50.0 m/s × 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with k* ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = ke,A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.4 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.4 x 101 um, and cell-wall dielectric constant k = 2.2.
Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration = 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = KE A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.4 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.4 x 10¹ um, and cell-wall dielectric constant x = 2.2. Positive charge layer Negative { charge layer External fluid Axon wall membrane Internal fluid Axon radius r + d
Transcribed Image Text:Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration = 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = KE A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.4 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.4 x 10¹ um, and cell-wall dielectric constant x = 2.2. Positive charge layer Negative { charge layer External fluid Axon wall membrane Internal fluid Axon radius r + d
(a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V.) 0.0000000 ✓ с How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V? 0.0000000 X Your response differs significantly from the correct answer. Rework your solution from the beginning and check each step carefully. K+ ions Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per angstrom squared (A²). An atom has a cross section of about 1 Ų (1 Å= 10-10 m). (Compare to normal atomic spacing of one atom every few Å.) Yes No (b) How much positive charge must flow through the cell membrane to reach the excited state of +3.0 x 10-2 V from the resting state of -7.0 x 10-² V? 0.0000000 X Your response is within 10% of the correct value. This may be due to roundoff error, or you could have a mistake in your calculation. Carry out all intermediate results to at least four-digit accuracy to minimize roundoff error. C How many sodium ions (Na+) is this? 737000000 X Your response is within 10% of the correct value. This may be due to roundoff error, or you could have a mistake in your calculation. Carry out all intermediate results to at least four-digit accuracy to minimize roundoff error. Na+ ions (c) If it takes 2.0 ms for the Nations to enter the axon, what is the average current in the axon wall in this process? 0.0000005 X Your response differs significantly from the correct answer. Rework your solution from the beginning and check each step carefully. μA (d) How much energy does it take to raise the potential of the inner axon wall to +3.0 x 10-² V, starting from the resting potential of -7.0 x 10-² V? (Assume that no energy is required to first raise the potential to 0 V from the resting potential of -7.0 x 10-² V.) 0.0000000 J
Transcribed Image Text:(a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V.) 0.0000000 ✓ с How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V? 0.0000000 X Your response differs significantly from the correct answer. Rework your solution from the beginning and check each step carefully. K+ ions Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per angstrom squared (A²). An atom has a cross section of about 1 Ų (1 Å= 10-10 m). (Compare to normal atomic spacing of one atom every few Å.) Yes No (b) How much positive charge must flow through the cell membrane to reach the excited state of +3.0 x 10-2 V from the resting state of -7.0 x 10-² V? 0.0000000 X Your response is within 10% of the correct value. This may be due to roundoff error, or you could have a mistake in your calculation. Carry out all intermediate results to at least four-digit accuracy to minimize roundoff error. C How many sodium ions (Na+) is this? 737000000 X Your response is within 10% of the correct value. This may be due to roundoff error, or you could have a mistake in your calculation. Carry out all intermediate results to at least four-digit accuracy to minimize roundoff error. Na+ ions (c) If it takes 2.0 ms for the Nations to enter the axon, what is the average current in the axon wall in this process? 0.0000005 X Your response differs significantly from the correct answer. Rework your solution from the beginning and check each step carefully. μA (d) How much energy does it take to raise the potential of the inner axon wall to +3.0 x 10-² V, starting from the resting potential of -7.0 x 10-² V? (Assume that no energy is required to first raise the potential to 0 V from the resting potential of -7.0 x 10-² V.) 0.0000000 J
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