A potential difference of 102 mV exists between the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane of a cell. The inner surface is negative relative to the outer surface. How much work is required to eject a positive sodium ion (Na+) from the interior of the cell?

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A potential difference of 102 mV exists between the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane of a cell. The inner surface is negative relative to the outer surface. How much work is required to eject a positive sodium ion (Na+) from the interior of the cell?

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