A 30m steel tape is suspended in the air between a theodolite and a vertical rod, which is placed exactly at the 30m mark. The slope of the measured line is 1°50'. The tension on the tape is 8kg, and the weight of the tape per unit length is 0.03kg/m. What pull (normal tension) is required in order that the effect of sag will be eliminated when the tape is supported at end points only? The tape has a standard pull of 8kg. The tape's cross-sectional area and modulus of elasticity are 0.05cm2 and 200GPa

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Instruments for Surveying

Surveying is the practice that determines the relative three-dimensional positions of many different points on the earth’s surface. There are various instruments used in Surveying like Theodolites, Total station, Tripod stands, Plane table, etc. for measuring horizontal angle, vertical and sloping angle, which are very useful for giving accurate and precise measurement.