A 1.5-kg male baby is delivered via vaginal delivery because of preterm labor at 33 weeks' gestation. Apgar scores are 7 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. The infant is cyanotic and requires continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) immediately after delivery. He has subcostal retractions, grunting, and nasal flaring. Auscultation reveals decreased air entry in the lung fields throughout. Temperature is 36.8°C, pulse is 175 beats per minute, and respiratory rate is 70 breaths per minute. His chest X-ray shows diffuse atelectasis of both lungs. 1) Based on his clinical signs and symptoms and investigation, the baby is having a respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Explain how RDS relates to atelectasis ?

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