8. The interaction of individual choices Because eels are highly endangered as a species, many governments enact laws prohibiting fishing along their migration route. Initially, eel fishers complain about this restriction on the locations they can fish, but after a while they notice that the number of eels swimming outside regulated areas is much higher than it was before. With the laws in place, eel fishers end up catching a greater quantity of eels than they did prior to the enactment of the laws. Which of the following principles of economic interaction best describes this scenario? Markets allocate goods effectively. When markets do not achieve efficiency, government intervention can improve overall welfare. There is a tradeoff between equality and efficiency. Markets usually lead to efficiency.

8. The interaction of individual choices Because eels are highly endangered as a species, many governments enact laws prohibiting fishing along their migration route. Initially, eel fishers complain about this restriction on the locations they can fish, but after a while they notice that the number of eels swimming outside regulated areas is much higher than it was before. With the laws in place, eel fishers end up catching a greater quantity of eels than they did prior to the enactment of the laws. Which of the following principles of economic interaction best describes this scenario? Markets allocate goods effectively. When markets do not achieve efficiency, government intervention can improve overall welfare. There is a tradeoff between equality and efficiency. Markets usually lead to efficiency.

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

4. Suppose the supply curve of portable radio rentals in Golden Gate Park is given by P= 5+ 0.1Q and the demand curve is by P = 20 -0.2Q. a. If each portable radio imposes $3 per day in noise costs on others, by how much will the market equilibrium quantity exceed the socially optimal number of rentals? b. How would the imposition of a $3 per unit tax affect the efficiency in this market?
Two firms (A and B) run separate mining companies in the same forest. Both pollute the river flowing through the forest with debris. Currently, each company releases 50 pounds of debris per month into the river. The table below shows the costs associated with reducing debris in 10-pound increments. Total cost of reducing debris by 10 pounds Total cost of reducing debris by 20 pounds Total cost of reducing debris by 30 pounds Total cost of reducing debris by 40 pounds Total cost of reducing debris by 50 pounds Firm A Firm B $5 $2 $15 $6 $30 $12 $50 $20 $75 $30
2. The effect of negative externalities on the optimal quantity of consumption Consider the market for paper. Suppose that a paper factory dumps toxic waste into a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living downstream from the factory. Producing an additional tonne of paper imposes a constant external cost of $105 per tonne. The following graph shows the demand (private value) curve and the supply (private cost) curve for paper. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the social cost curve when the external cost is $105 per tonne. (?) paper) PRICE (Dollars per tonne 700 630 560 490 420 350 280 210 140 70 0 0 ◇ 1 0 2 O 3 e O O The market equilibrium quantity is 3.5 O QUANTITY (Tonnes of paper) D Supply (Private Cost) Demand (Private Value) 7 Social Cost tonnes of paper, but the socially optimal quantity of paper production is 3 To create an incentive for the firm to produce the socially optimal quantity of paper, the government could impose a tax tonne of…
It is all about the The Black Rhino. The black rhino is one of the most endangered species on the planet. In southern Africa in 1970 there were 65,000 Black Rhinos. Now there are only 2,500. Basic economics tells us why they are in trouble and what we can try to do about it. Why do people kill the black rhino? Because they can make a lot of money relative to the risk of getting caught - just like drug trafficking and lying on your taxes. In Asian communities the horn is viewed as an aphrodisiac and a powerful pain reliever. In Yemen sabers are made from them. As a result one horn can fetch $30K on the black market. The average yearly income in southern Africa is $1,000 and falling. The black rhino is worth more dead than alive. This is a market that does not correct itself. Another piece of this, that is common to many environmental challenges, is that most black rhinos are communal property, not private property. Imagine if all the black rhinos were in the hands of one rancher – would…
Externalities - Definition and examples An externality arises when a firm or person engages in an activity that affects the wellbeing of a third party, yet neither pays nor receives any compensation for that effect. If the impact on the third party is adverse, it is called a ___________ externality. The following graph shows the demand and supply curves for a good with this type of externality. The dashed drop lines on the graph reflect the market equilibrium price and quantity for this good.
Spring is here, and Larry and his uncle would like to go fishing for the weekend in Washington. Larry could either go to the river in town where anyone can fish without a permit, or he could drive up to a pond located on his family's property in the countryside to fish. Assume that, no matter where people fish, all of the fish that are caught would be kept (that is, there is no "catch and release" policy). The fish in the private pond are considered and whereas the fish in the river are and . In other words, the fish in the private pond are an example of , and the fish in the river are an example of . Fishing in the river will likely lead to because of which of the following reasons? All fishermen will choose to fish in the pond believing that there are more fish there. All fishermen will choose to fish in the river because of the limited access to the pond. Nobody will enjoy fishing because of the lack of private contributions…
4. Efficiency in the presence of externalities Cars impose many external costs on society: carbon dioxide emissions that contribute to air pollution, congestion on roadways, and so on. Therefore, the market quantity of cars is not equal to the efficient quantity. The following graph shows the private demand for cars, the private supply of cars, and the social supply of cars, which incorporates both private costs and external costs. Use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the market quantity. Next, use the purple point (diamond symbol) to indicate the socially optimum quantity. Note: Drop lines will extend to both axes automatically. DERIVATE QUARKET O5OCIAL SSOCIAL SPRVATE QUANTITY OF CARS From society's standpoint, the market is producing cars. This is an example of of resources. PRICE OF CARS
3. Efficiency in the presence of externalities Roses confer many external benefits on society: the beauty they add to a room or garden, the wonderful aroma they give off, and so on. Therefore, the market equilibrium quantity of roses is not equal to the socially optimal quantity. The following graph shows the demand for roses (their private value), the supply of roses (the private cost of producing them), and the social value of roses (the private value and external benefits). Use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the market equilibrium quantity. Next, use the purple point (diamond symbol) to indicate the socially optimal quantity.
4. Externalities - Definition and examples An externality arises when a firm or person engages in an activity that affects the well-being of a third party, yet neither pays nor receives any compensation for that effect. If the impact on the third party is detrimental, it is called a externality. The following graph shows the demand and supply curves for a good with this type of externality. The dashed drop lines on the graph reflect the market equilibrium price and quantity for this good. Shift one of the curves to reflect the presence of the externality. If there are external costs of production, then you should shift the supply curve to reflect the social costs of producing the good; similarly, if there are external benefits from production, then you should shift the demand curve to reflect the social benefits from consuming the good. PRICE (Dollars per unit) QUANTITY (Units) Supply Demand Demand Supply With this type of externality, in the absence of government intervention, the…
1) when do externalities occur ? (Full in-depth sentence) 2) What are some examples of effects that are externalities versus effects that are not externals? 3) how exactly do we model externalities with Demand, Supply, Marginal Cost, and Marginal Benefit. (Show in a graph for each one) 4) why are markets inefficient in the presence of externalities? 5) What are some solutions to externalities ? ( show how these work)
6. Correcting for negative externalities - Taxes versus tradable permits Paper factories emit chemicals as a waste product. This generates a cost to society that is not paid for by the firm; therefore, pollution is a negative externality of paper production. Suppose the U.S. government wants to correct this market failure by getting firms to internalize the cost of pollution. To do this, the government can charge firms for pollution rights (the right to emit a given quantity of chemicals). The following graph shows the daily demand for pollution rights. Use the graph input tool to help you answer the following questions. You will not be graded on any changes you make to this graph. Note: Once you enter a value in a white field, the graph and any corresponding amounts in each grey field will change accordingly. PRICE (Dollars per ton) 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 Demand 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 QUANTITY (Millions of tons) Graph Input Tool Daily Demand for Pollution…
2. Efficiency in the presence of externalities Trucks impose many external costs on society: heavy air and noise pollution, traffic safety issues and road congestion, and so on. Therefore, the market equilibrium quantity of diesel trucks does not equal the socially optimal quantity. The following graph plots the demand for diesel trucks (their private value), the supply of diesel trucks (the private cost of producing them), and the social cost of diesel trucks, including both the private cost and external costs. Use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the market equilibrium quantity. Next, use the purple point (diamond symbol) to indicate the socially optimal quantity. PRICE OF DIESEL TRUCKS Social Cost Supply (Private Cost) Demand (Private Value) QUANTITY OF DIESEL TRUCKS + Market Equilibrium ■ Socially Optimal Level ?