8. Explain the role of post-translational modifications of protein molecules: the formation of disulfide bridges, hydrolysis of peptide bonds under the action of specific proteases, glycosylation, phosphorylation / dephosphorylation, hydroxylation, acylation of the terminal amino transformation of the terminal carboxyl group into an amide one group and

Q: 8. Predict the effect of each of the following environmental changes on the pKa of a glutamate side…

A: The proteins are made of twenty naturally occurring amino acids. Alpha carbon of amino acids consist…

Q: 6. Describe the active site of the enzyme, which is the place where the reaction occurs. In your…

A: The active site is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical…

Q: 18. Chaperones are frequently associated with polypeptides as they are being synthesized from the…

A: Chaperons are proteins that are primarily concerned with protein folding. It prevents the…

Q: The image below shows the different interactions responsible for the spontaneous folding of a…

A: According to Anfinsen's hypothesis the sequence or primary structure of a protein f=determines the…

Q: Explain how structural changes in important proteins lead to pathological conditions.

A: It is the structure of a protein and composition of amino acids within important regions of a…

Q: 1. explain why the substitution of Leu > Val and Arg Lys in protein does not cause a decrease in the…

A: Mutation is the change in nucleotide sequences, which ultimately alters the amino acid and protein…

Q: 4. Which amino acids do not react to produce a purple color with ninhydrin. Why?

A: Biological macromolecules are the molecules that are needed in a sufficient quantity for the…

Q: 1. H₂N a. Draw the peptide sequence, including stereochemistry (wedges and dashes) for Glu-Cys- Gly.…

A: Stereochemistry refers to the illustration of the arrangement or connectivity of atoms to a chiral…

Q: ctabolism in the to particular experiment. It is known that potatocs practically do not contain…

A: There are various verities of food that we consume contain nutrients, fatty acids , carbohydrates ,…

Q: 3. The general properties of amino acids: a) formation of zwitterion; b) the acid-base properties…

A: All living organisms employ amino acids as building blocks for proteins. Twenty different amino…

Q: Show the Dehydration Synthesis reaction that occurs to form a dipeptide containing the following…

A: Introduction: In the dehydration synthesis reaction, the alpha-carboxyl group (-COO- ) of amino…

Q: List 4 tertiary interactions that exist in protein molecules and include what type of R groups (side…

A: The third major protein structure is called tertiary protein structure, which is the final specific…

Q: 15. Cellular proteins are oftentimes post-translationally modified. Choose one of the following…

A: Post translational modification are the modifications done in the protein by covalently attaching…

Q: 2. As we've seen previously, peptide bonds involving the amino acid proline can populate both…

A: Michaelis-Menten model of enzyme kinetics is a very useful model which describe the relationship…

Q: 13. What value do N-linked saccharides serve for membrane surface proteins? Which amino acid…

A: N-linked saccharides, also known as N-linked glycans, play several crucial roles in the function of…

Q: он он CH, CH, CH NH O-C 0-CH, Identify/Name the noncovalent interaction between groups in the…

A: Solution   " O " - Hydrogen bond   It is primarily electrostatic force of attraction between…

Q: II. Give biomolecules found in the animal body, characterize its type, a) organic or inorganic; b)…

A: Biomolecules are organic compounds that are found in living things and are crucial to their…

Q: 6. Peptide bonds link many amino acids into chains of subunits that make polypeptides, or proteins.…

A: Peptide bond  Peptide bond is a type of covalent bond present in between two molecules of amino…

Q: 1. Name and draw the structures of standard amino acids that would likely form hydrogen bonds with…

A: Protein structures are stabilized by covalent and non-covalent bond. Covalent bond include peptide…

Q: 1. In a protein, why does when Ala is replaced with Ile, it loses its activity but when Lys is…

A: Note : Hi ! Thank you for the question. We are authorized to answer one question at a time. Since…

Q: Please describe the events that may result in a mature protein not having methionine as the…

A: Translation process of formation of a sequence of amino acid using messenger RNA as a template.

Q: At pH ___, the pentapeptide Ala-Glu-His-Val-Cys would contain two positively charged groups and one…

A: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They are organic compounds composed of an amino…

Q: 13. how does covalent modification of enzymes confer regulation of their activity?

A: Biochemical reactions in living things require enzymes. Enzymes must be tightly regulated to…

Q: I. Proteins which fail to fold correctly are generally degraded by proteases. II. Chaperones convey…

A: Protein folding process - This process is mainly carried out with the help of 4 stages which are as…

Q: 6. Explain in detail the steps by which a modified fatty acid containing a "click chemistry" tag can…

A: Click chemistry is a set of highly exergonic and specific reactions that enables us to identify and…

Q: What amino acid side chains can be modified by methyl groups? What is unusual about methyl group…

A: Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both an amino and a carboxyl group, giving them both…

Q: Name the two most common atoms hydrogen bonds within biological systems that give hydrogen a partial…

A: Hydrogen bond is formed between a hydrogen atom which is bonded to an electro negative atom( donor)…

Q: The figure above shows some of the more common modifications, such as phosphorylation (1),…

A: Phosphorylation- Protein phosphorylation occurs in post-translational modification. Here phosphate…

Q: 3. Compare the molecular property of amino acids and their roles in protein folding. (psa, logP,…

A: Protein folding is the method in which a polypeptide chain folds into a biologically active form. It…

Q: 2. Amino acid analysis of the a heptapeptide gave the following residues: Asp Glu Leu Lys Met Tyr…

A: The objective of the question is to determine the sequence of amino acids in a heptapeptide based on…

Q: 2. Show the Dehydration Synthesis reaction that occurs to form a tripeptide containing the following…

A: The amino acids are structural unit of protein that are bounded together by peptide bond. The…

Q: Which polysaccharide is cleaved by beta glucosidases? A. Amylose B. Glycogen C. Inulin D. Cellobiose…

A: Polysaccharide is of two types homo and heteropolysaccharides. Homopolysaccharides have a single…

Q: 2. Given the data in the table, calculate the pl for the amino acid tyrosine. Amino Acid Glycine…

A: The proteins are biological macromolecules that are composed f amino acids connected via peptide…

Q: Describe the tertiary level of protein structure and state the type of interactions present.

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: A mixture of the following amino acids (glu, leu, val, arg, ser, phe) was obtained upon complete…

A: The following amino acids (glu, leu, val, arg, ser, phe) were obtained from complete hydrolysis of a…

Q: List some important types of molecular interactions involved in recognition and binding of…

A: Polysaccharides, also called as glycan are the abundant carbohydrates found in food. They are…

Q: The enzyme thermolysin cleaves peptide bonds on the C-terminal side of the amino acids lle. Tyr,…

A: Amino acids are monomeric units that form a peptide chain. The amino acids are linked together by a…

Q: What determines the affinity of a glycan for a GBP?

A: Glycans and glycan-binding protein interaction are a major way of understanding the structure of…

Q: 2. Classification of amino acids: a) by the structure of carbon chain; b) by the position of amino…

A: Amino acids are the biomolecules which are essential in the functioning of our body and plays major…

Q: 8. hich of the following is polypeptides? O true about The peptide bond that links the amino acids…

A: A functional protein is built up of polypeptide chains, which are composed of amino acids and folded…

Q: . RNA is almost never found in its primary structure and will form secondary structures b

A: RNA molecules are a type of nucleic acid found in cells that are involved in the coding, decoding,…

Q: 19. Draw all 20 of the genetically encoded amino acids at (a) pH = 1; (b) pH = 1; (c) pH = 12.…

A: Amino acids are organic compounds that form the building blocks of proteins in cells. The structure…

Q: 14. This molecule is: -Monounsaturated fatty acid Trans -Cis polyunsaturated fatty acid -Trans…

A:

Q: 17. Protein folding results in a large decrease in entropy since a polypeptide is now constrained…

A: The unfolded protein has high entropy when compared to folded protein. The entropy of denatured…

Genomics

Genes are responsible for transmitting the characters located on the chromosomes from one individual to another across the generations. Genetics is the study of different genes that are involved in different functions. Genetics is a branch of biology that studies genes, genetic diversity, and heredity in living organisms. The genetic system consists of genetic notations, which is a system of signs and symbols. Genotype refers to the organism's genetic composition, and phenotype refers to the observable property of the organism.