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- Figure 5 shows the lac operon structure in Escherichia coli. a) Name structures P, Q and R. b) Name substance S. c) What is the enzyme encoded by gene I. Give its function. d) What will happen if substance S is absent in the medium?All questions a) Name structures P, Q and R. b) Name substance S . c) What is the enzyme encoded by gene I. Give its function. d) What will happen if substance S is absent in the medium?E. coli cells are simultaneously infected with two strains of phage λ. One strain has a mutant host range, is temperature sensitive, and produces clear plaques (genotype h st c); another strain carries the wildtype alleles (genotype h+ st+ c+). Progeny phages are collected from the lysed cells and are plated on bacteria. The following numbers of different progeny phages are obtained: Progeny phage genotype Number of plaques h+ c+ st+ 321 h c st 338 h+ c st 26 h c+ st+ 30 h+ c st+ 106 h c+ st 110 h+ c+ st 5 h c st+ 6 a. Determine the order of the three genes on the phage chromosome. b. Determine the map distances between the genes. c. Determine the coefficient of coincidence and the interference
- 20 16. Which of the following methods may introduce foreign DNA into a recipient? A) transduction B) conjugation C) transformation D) All of the above 17. F+ strains of Escherichia coli A) have an integrated F factor. B) have the F factor as a plasmid. C) do not have an F factor. D) transfer the F factor to recipient cells at a high frequency. 18. What is the function of the conjugation pilus? A) It contains an F plasmid. B) It carries the chromosome of F- cells. C) It converts F- cells into F+ cells. D) It pulls the F+ and F- cells together. 19. When a transposon is cut from one location in genome and pasted into a new location, it is called replicative transposition A) True B) False (0 20. Insertion sequences are bounded by inverted repeats and encode for transposase. A) True B) False 21. The CRISPR system UM (8 A) recognizes foreign DNA sequences that have previously entered the cell and directs the Cas proteins to destroy them. B) synthesizes gene transfer agents during stationary…Matching type Choices are in the picture 1. Puromycin 2. Amanitin 3. Tetracycline 4. Rifampicin 5. Diphtheria ToxinBriefly describe the two approaches a bacteriophagecan take to trigger an infection once inside its host cell.
- The figure above shows a schematic of genes and transcription control elements from phage λ. Use this figure as an aid to help you describe the molecular events involved in: a) The establishment of lysogeny b) The establishment of a lytic life cycleBriefly describe the lytic and lysogenic cycles of bacteriophages.In your answer, explain what a prophage is?During the [X] phase of CRISPR-Cas9 defense, sequences from a new bacteriophage that infects the cell are chopped by a Cas1/Cas2 complex and integrated into the CRISPR locus, >A Moving to another question will save this response.
- Some mutations that occur in bacteria can cause the loss of phage receptors, and these bacteria become phage resistant. In order for a phage to infect the host bacterium, it is preferred that the cell wall is newly synthesized.why ?What structures on bacterial host cells serve to allow bacteriophage to recognize them? What component of these structures may be most readily recognizable to bacteriophages?Bacteria exposed to viruses incorporate sections of the virus’s DNA into the CRISPR array sequences in their genome. This mechanism allows bacteria to fight off the viruses, like an immune response: the information in CRISPR spacers served as “coordinates” for recognizing and cutting up invading DNA sequences. Describe what might happen under the conditions described after a bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell and releases its DNA into the bacterial cell. Explain why: The cas genes on the bacterial genome contains a frameshift deletion mutation that alters the function of the protein The bacteria will be unable to elicit an immune response and will succumb to the phase infection