different.4. What is the AG in kJ mole to pump Ca out of a cell at 37°C if the cytoplasmic and extracellular calciumion concentrations are 0.45 µM and 1.52 mM, respectively, and the membrane potential is -62 mV?What is the maior difference hotwon the inn.5

Cells require molecules and ions for their functions. These molecules and ions are transported…

Answered: 4. What is the AG in kJ mole to pump Ca…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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13) Draw a graph representing the changes in membrane potential across the axonal membrane before, during, and after an action potential. On your graph, use a highlighter to clearly indicate for which portions of your graph the letter corresponding to each cellular event listed below belongs. List of cellular events: A) All K* channels open B) All Na* channels close C) The Na*/K* ATPase cotransporter transports Na* and K* across the membrane. D) All Na* channels open E) The threshold value of membrane potential is attained. F) All K* channels close G) Some Na* channels open Your graph:
In the situations described below, what is the free energy change if 1 mole of Na+ is transported across a membrane from a region where the concentration is 48 μM to a region where it is 110 mM? (Assume T=37∘C.) When the transport is opposed by a membrane potential of 70 mV.
Suppose that a plant cell membrane is permeable with Na*, CI ions and H20, but not with proteins. In addition, it is assumed that 0.05 M Nacl aqueous solution is present outside the cell membrane, and 0.001 M of protein (P) is present inside. The protein is ionized to p, z = 20, and the opposite ion is CI". From this, calculate the theft potential that occurs between the cell membrane and the external solution in equilibrium. Assume that the activity coefficient of all ions is 1.0.
what would the membrane potential be if the membrane became 10X more permeable to both sodium and chloride
What is the value for the w (water potential) of a cell when placed in a hypertonic saline solution of 0.40 M under standard atmospheric pressure (1.0 MPa) and at a room temperature of 25° C? [Assume that the cell and solution , (solute potential) are at equilibrium. Use 0.08314L bar K mol as the gas constant (R)]
A8.
The contraction of cardiac muscle cells results from the increase in calcium ion levels in the cytosol. For the cells to relax, an antiport removes calcium ion from the cytosol for every sodium ion that is taken in. Digitalis is a drug that is used to make the heart contract more strongly. This drug partially inhibits the Na+-K+ ATPase in the cardiac cells. Applying the concepts about membrane transport, answer the following: a. Propose an explanation for the drug’s effect.b. What will likely happen if too much of the drug is taken in? Why?
4. You are doing an experiment and have an intracellular recording electrode stuck into a liver cell. The resting membrane potential is -70 mV relative to the bath outside of the cell. You replace the extracellular fluid bathing the cell with a physiological saline that has the same osmolarity but which has the potassium replaced by an inert cation that cannot cross the cell membrane. On a graph, draw what will happen to the resting membrane potential of the cell over time. Does the membrane potential increase or decrease? 51°F Cloudy DELL
1
The following table shows experimental results of the glucose transport rate, mM/sec, following facilitated diffusion by glucose carrier proteins. (Recall: the starting conc. L represents glucose added to one side of the membrane; distilled water, omM of glucose was added to the other side of the membrane). The rate of glucose transport was 0.0031 mm/sec with 8mM of glucose (run number 4, highlighted); the rate decreased to 0.0017 mM/sec with 10mM of glucose (run 5, highlighted). Why was the rate of glucose transport slower when the concentration gradient was increased? Experiment Results Run Number Solute 1 1 2 2 3 33 4 4 5 6 6 Na Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Nat Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Nat Cl Glucose Start Conc. L Start Conc. R (MM) (mM) 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 Carriers 500 500 500 500 700 700 700 700 100 100 700 700 Rate (mm/sec) 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0023 0.0000 0.0010…
1. at rest, a cell has a negative charge inside the plasma membrane and a positive charge outside the plasma membrane- TRUE OR FALSE 2.The effect of movement of ions on membrane potential is described by the nerst equation for single ion type and goldman equation for multiple ions- TRUE OR FALSE
Fill in the diagram, your illustration should demonstrate for each phase of the AP: 1. The relative concentration of K and Na 2. The relative voltage across the membrane 3. Any movement across the membrane of K and NA 4. The three kinds of channels in the membrane, and their state (open or closed) 5. Finally, indicate on the graph of the AP which phases correspond to hyper- polarization and which phases correspond to de- polarization Outside Outside Inside Inside Outside Inside Outside 1 Outside Inside Inside

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4. What is the AG in kJ mole to pump Ca out of a cell at 37°C if the cytoplasmic and extracellular calcium ion concentrations are 0.45 uM and 1.52 mM, respectively, and the membrane potential is -62 mV?