3. Why is PFK an ideal control point to regulate glycolysis? (select ALL that apply) A. It’s a reversible step in the pathway B. It’s used regardless of glucose source C. It’s only regulated by its substrates and products D. It’s the site of ATP generation in the pathway E. It’s a committed step in the pathway..

3. Why is PFK an ideal control point to regulate glycolysis? (select ALL that apply) A. It’s a reversible step in the pathway B. It’s used regardless of glucose source C. It’s only regulated by its substrates and products D. It’s the site of ATP generation in the pathway E. It’s a committed step in the pathway..

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter20: Electron Transport And Oxidative Phosphorylation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 19P

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1. Consider the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase. a. What pathway(s) does this enzyme function in? b. What cofactor does this enzyme use? c. Why is this cofactor required? d. How is this enzyme regulated? e. How does regulation of this enzyme impact the pathway(s) it operates in? How does regulation of this enzyme impact other pathway(s) we have discussed?
1. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE for both the concerted and sequential models of allosteric enzymes? a. follows the induced-fit model b. the activator can only bind to the R form c. the inhibitor can only bind to the T form d. the substrate can only bind to the R form 2. Which of the following describes the efficiency of enzymatic catalysis? a. [S] b. KM c. Vmax d. kcat
2. Regarding the glycolysis metabolic pathways covered in class: A. In the EMP metabolic pathway, what chemical is produced by anabolism of pyruvate? (1 step away) B. There are two products of step 4 in the EMP pathway. If they were not phosphorylated, how would you describe these as monosaccharides (for example, an aldohexose and a ketopentose)? C. In the TCA Cycle, what chemical is produced by catabolism of isocitrate? (1 step away) D. Describe the major differences between primary, secondary and partial oxidation metabolism in terms of (i) cell growth rate, (ii) oxygen consumption rate, and (iii) products formed.
2. Regarding the glycolysis metabolic pathways covered in class: A. In the EMP metabolic pathway, what chemical is catabolized to form pyruvate? (1 step away) B. There are two products of step 4 in the EMP pathway. If they were not phosphorylated, how would you describe these as monosaccharides (for example, an aldohexose and a ketopentose)? C. In the TCA Cycle, what chemical is produced by catabolism of isocitrate? (1 step away) D. Describe the major differences between primary, secondary and partial oxidation metabolism in terms of cell growth rate, (ii) oxygen consumption rate, and (iii) products formed.
1. Why is the chemical logic behind the phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase? a. So that we end the preparatory phase with 2 3-carbon compounds. b. to provide a substrate for phosphohexose isomerase. c. "Locks" Glucose in the cell. d. to decrease the ΔG of the next reaction. 2. What type of reaction does glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyze? a. isomerization b. group transfer c. oxidation d. dehydration
Zymogens are NOT enzymatically active, because O A. they are not yet shaped such that essential proximity and orientation catalysis can occur. B. the active site amino acids have been mutated. O C. they have not yet bound the proper cofactor D. they are always smaller than active enzymes.
26. These catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, e.g. pyruvate dehydrogenase, catalysing the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A. a. oxidoreductases b. transferases c. hydrolases d. ligases 27. These catalyze transferring of the chemical group from one to another compound. An example is a transaminase, which transfers an amino group from one molecule to another. a. oxidoreduUctases b. transferases c. hydrolases d. ligases 28. They catalyze the hydrolysis of a bond. For example, the enzyme pepsin hydrolyzes peptide bonds in proteins. a. oxidoreductases b. transferases c. hydrolases d. ligases 29. Catalyze the association of two molecules. For example, DNA ligase catalyzes the joining of two fragments of DNA by forming a phosphodiester bond. a. oxidoreductases b. transferases c. hydrolases d. ligases 30. It is the loss of electrons, gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen. a. reduction b. temperature C. substrate concentration d. oxidation
19. The activation of long chain fatty acids requires which of the following components? B. ATP and CoA E. Carnitine acyl transferase I and II C. ATP, COA and fatty acyl CoA A. ATP D. Fatty acyl carnitine 20. Which of the following statements best describes the B-oxidation of fatty acids? A. B-oxidation of fatty acids is an extra mitochondrial process. B. The enzymes present in the form of multienzyme complexes. C. One acetyl CoA is produced in each turn of the B-oxidation spiral. D. The intermediates are carried by Acyl carrier protein. E. 129 ATP are required for the formation of one mol of palmitic acid.
A3 Glucosylacetamide has a structure similar to the transition state during catalysis by the enzyme hexokinase and therefore would likely be A. covalently attached to hexokinase at a regulatory site distinct from the active site. B. covalently bound to an active site amino acid of hexokinase. C. a high-affinity hexokinase inhibitor. D. more rapidly hydrolyzed than ATP during catalysis.
III. Match the item to each step in the Krebs Cycle. a. isocitrate f. oxaloacetate g. sulfur h. a-ketoglutarate i. fumarate j. ATP b. succinate C NAD d. malate e. succinyl-CoA 85. What molecule is formed when GTP is oxidized to form GDP? 86. What molecule is formed when FAD is reduced? 87. Which molecule must be reduced so that oxaloacetate is formed? IV. Match each compound to a step that of the Light-Dependent Reaction. a. P700 b. P680 . P680 d. ATP synthase e. PhotosystemI f. electron acceptor g. electron carrier h. chlorophyll II. i. NADPH reductase j. b. - f complex 88. Light photons excite electrons from this part of the Reaction Centre. 89. The enzyme that helps remove electrons from the thylakoid. 90. The enzyme that acts to form ATP with chemiosmosis. V. Match the enzyme or protein to the replication process. a. DNA polymerase l b. DNA polymerase I| . DNA polymerase III d. primase e. DNA ligase f. helicase g. single-strand-binding proteins h. topoisomerase Il 91. Unwinds helix…
18. Considering the shown reaction that occurs in the skeletal muscle, which of the following statements is true? H HO CH₂OH он H H OH A ATP APP CH₂0- H H 06 он H НО OH B H OH H OH A. The only fate of the product B is to undergo glycolysis B. Accumulation of B would inhibit the reaction C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B
1. For a saturated fatty acid with 28 carbon atoms: a. Write the products obtained from one cycle of beta oxidation. b. How many cycles of beta oxidation will be required for its complete breakdown? How many Acetyl CoA will be produced after its complete breakdown? (show the calculation) c. Calculate the total number of ATP molecules generated (total energy yield) after complete oxidation of this fatty acid. (show the complete Stepwise calculation)