3. List and briefly describe the steps of phagocytosis.  An outlined illustration will be fine.

Q: Complement proteins in the blood can Activate phagocytic feeding Attract leukocytes to the area of…

A: The immune system protects the body from infections.

Q: 2i A person is given an intravenous infusion of distilled water in it rather than of saline.…

A: Blood is a fluid that is made of plasma and blood cells. There are three types of blood cells: red…

Q: Which of these statements regarding the affected gene are likely to be TRUE? Both copies of the gene…

A: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a highly aggressive form of cancer, where mesenchymal cells become unable to…

Q: 4. Reading the following statements about TNM staging of tumors, the wrong one is: "T" refers to the…

A: Uncontrolled division and proliferation of abnormal cells in the body characterize the complex and…

Q: Describe how the skin and mucous membranes play an integral role in helping the body protect itself…

A: Skin surface  and all the mucous membrane forms a physical barrier against antigen. It…

Q: Immunology 35. Summarise the major steps of the coordinated innate and cell-mediated responses.…

A: In Vertebrates, there are two types of the immune response:  innate immunity and adaptive immunity.…

Q: The following graph shows the pathogenesis curve for a certain infectious disease from the time when…

A: The pathogenesis of a disease is the biological mechanism that leads to the diseased state. It…

Q: Some natural products are too toxic to be useful as a drug but have nonetheless been developed to…

A: Uncontrolled cell division results in the development of cancer. As these have enormous capacity to…

Q: 4. Describe how macrophage polarization is used in wound healing. Which cytokines are up and down…

A: Macrophage polarization is the process by which macrophage generate definite effective phenotype as…

Q: 2. Look at the diagram here. Describe what This cell's membrane is permeable to both the and the…

A: 2. Question: Look at the diagram. Describe what will happens over time. Sketch the situation at a…

Q: Why do tissues swell during inflammation? Tissues swell during inflammation because of the volume of…

A: Inflammation is a sort of immunological response that creates during the time of injury or invasion…

Q: A tumor develops a mutation which changes the shape of MHCI molecules. This could lead to increased:…

A: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a tightly linked cluster of genes whose product play a…

Q: Describe how the skin and mucous membranes play an integral role in helping the body protect itself…

A: The immune system fights microorganisms and foreign objects on the epidermis, in human tissues, and…

Q: 4. Define adaptive immunity and describe how it differs from innate immunity.

A: Introduction:- Immunity is a complicated biological system with the ability to recognise and accept…

Q: 3. Match question. Based on the figure below, match each label with the corresponding microtubule…

A: Cell' shape and structure are maintained by the proteinaceous filament network known as the…

Q: 2. What are the two main phagocytic cell types involved in innate immunity? How do they know what to…

A: Phagoytic cells are cells which provide natural defence against pathogens invading blood or tissue.…

Q: 3. Adjuvants are substances that slow, but do not stop, the release of an antigen from an injection…

A: An adjuvant is an component present in certain injections that helps produce a stronger immune…

Q: What is true of the nonspecific immune response? O Comes into play whether or not there had been…

A: We can say that The immune system is defined as a group of biological structures and cellular…

Q: In what ways does TGF-beta act as both a stimulator and inhibitor of the inflammatory response?

A: TGF-β stands for Transforming growth factor Beta, it is a cytokine (protein secreted by immune cells…

Q: 5. The type of phagocytotic leukocyte that increases in early stages of bacterial infections is the

A: The immune system of the human body consists of white blood cells, thymus, spleen and other…

Q: What is true of the nonspecific immune response? O Comes into play whether or not there had been…

A: Immune system: a. It includes a group of cells, tissues, organs, and mechanisms that protect an…

Q: 2. In what types of diseases have MSCs been used to modulate the immune response?

A: Multipotent stem cells known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may develop into a number of cell…

Q: 3. For maximal modulation of the inflammatory response, should MSCs be administered pre- or post-…

A: MSCs cells are easily accessible and provide a viable alternative to other stem cell types. In…

Q: 4. Briefly list three mechanisms by which monoclonal antibodies that bind to tumor surface antigens,…

A: Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab are used to treat certain types of lymphoma and…

Q: 2. Describe the technique of immunocytochemistry and give an example of a specific cellular…

A: An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin, is a protein molecule produced by the immune system in…

Q: A B C D E 38. Based on the five different stains above, which represents cells most likely to avoid…

A: The correct answer is shown in image B. The bacteria represented in image B is most likely to avoid…

Q: 3. Complete the chart below by filling in the broad characteristics of each family of cytokines and…

A: Cytokines are signaling particles that play a significant part within the immune system and…

Q: Formation of oxidizing agents (reactive oxygen species or ROS) such as superoxide anion, hydrogen…

A: Oxidizing agents are also called as oxidants or oxidizer, is a chemical substance capable of oxidize…

Q: 3. The inflammatory response: What is it, and what are the symptoms?

A: Introduction The body is protected from the invasion of foreign antigens by several layers of immune…

Q: 4. Compare and contrast ESCs and iPSCS by considering the following: B) List two ethical…

A: Stem cells: The human body is composed of multiple cell types that perform various functions. One…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.