3. Double-stranded breaks are potentially lethal, unless they are repaired. 4. Repair systems in the cell correct the double-stranded breaks by joining bro- ken ends back together (see Chapter 16 for a detailed discussion of DNA repair). FIGURE 17-19 Each of the four types of chromosomal rearrangements can be produced by either of two basic mechanisms: chromosome breakage and rejoining or crossing over between repetitive DNA. Chromosome regions are numbered 1 through 10. Homologous 5. If the two ends of the same break are rejoined, the original DNA order is re- stored. If the ends of two different breaks are joined, however, one result is one or another type of chromosomal rearrangement. 6. The only chromosomal rearrangements that survive meiosis are those that produce DNA molecules that have one centromere and two telomeres. If a chromosomes are the same color. Origins of chromosomal rearrangements Breakage and rejoining Crossing over between repetitive DNA Deletion -3 2 Loss 32 4 Loss Deletion and duplication 3 4 23 23 4 Inversion ! 10 10 Translocation 10 6 2 Chromosome break - Joining of broken ends Repetitive DNA segments X Crossover

3. Double-stranded breaks are potentially lethal, unless they are repaired. 4. Repair systems in the cell correct the double-stranded breaks by joining bro- ken ends back together (see Chapter 16 for a detailed discussion of DNA repair). FIGURE 17-19 Each of the four types of chromosomal rearrangements can be produced by either of two basic mechanisms: chromosome breakage and rejoining or crossing over between repetitive DNA. Chromosome regions are numbered 1 through 10. Homologous 5. If the two ends of the same break are rejoined, the original DNA order is re- stored. If the ends of two different breaks are joined, however, one result is one or another type of chromosomal rearrangement. 6. The only chromosomal rearrangements that survive meiosis are those that produce DNA molecules that have one centromere and two telomeres. If a chromosomes are the same color. Origins of chromosomal rearrangements Breakage and rejoining Crossing over between repetitive DNA Deletion -3 2 Loss 32 4 Loss Deletion and duplication 3 4 23 23 4 Inversion ! 10 10 Translocation 10 6 2 Chromosome break - Joining of broken ends Repetitive DNA segments X Crossover

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter14: Dna Structure And Replication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14TYK: Discuss Concepts During replication, an error uncorrected by proofreading or mismatch repair...

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4.) During DNA replication, the two strands of DNA are pried apart and then serve as templates for synthesis of new strands. However, there are some big differences in how the two strands are copied. Why is this so? Please describe in 4-5 sentences of your own words how replication proceeds on the two strands. 5.) During meiosis, when crossing-over occurs between two homologous chromosomes, it does not happen at a single point, but rather two points with a stretch of DNA in between. What are the two junction points called? b. What is the region between the two points called and what is different about this region compared to how double-stranded DNA usually is? c. If the region described in b.) is located within a gene and the two homologues have different alleles of this gene, what might happen that is a direct violation of Mendel's first law? (Describe the process with 2-3 sentences of detail.) a.
1. Illustrate, Consider the given pair of homologous DNA molecules. W X Y Z W' X' Y' Z' w' W y Suppose the single stand breaks shown in the figure initiated an exchange of segments and branch migration proceeded up to the Y'-Z' region. Following the color-coding and genotypes of the given DNA molecules, a. draw the resulting DNA molecule after branch migration. Do not forget to show the Holliday junction.
Which of the following codes describes position 12 on the long arm of chromosome 13? 13p12 13q12 12p13 12q13
What type of chromosomal rearrangement occurs o Breakage of two homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids at different locations can result in a if the broken chromosome ends change places before they are brought together by DNA repair?
2
What type of chromosomal rearrangement occurs o If a single chromosome suffers two double-strand breaks, loss of the fragment between the breaks followed by DNA repair that fuses the remaining broken ends (nonhomologous end-joining) ?
1. Describe the process of autophosphorlyation 2. Differentiate between chromosomes and genes. 3. Think about what happens at the replication fork. If the gene for helicase is mutated, what part of replication will be affected and how? 4. There are three common types of chemical changes that can damage DNA at any time post-replicatively. In basic terms, name and describe any two of the three types of damage. please help me quick
2. For each DNA repair process in column I, list all characteristics from column II that correctly describe that process. I II 1. RecA protein participates. 2. Damaged nucleotides are removed by nick translation (a) Nucleotide excision repair (b) Photoreactivation (c) Base excision repair (d) Recombinational repair (e) SOS-driven error-prone repair (f) Alkyltransferase repair (g) Mismatch repair (h) Double-strand break repair 3. A free radical mechanism is involved. 4. The repair enzyme functions only once. 5. The key enzyme contains a bound folate cofactor. 6. No bases or nucleotides are removed from the DNA. 7. Deficiency of this enzyme in humans greatly increases the risk of skin cancer. 8. This system is chiefly responsible for the mutagenic effect of ultraviolet light. 9. The first enzyme in this pathway cleaves two phosphodiester bonds. 10. This process begins up to 1 kbp away from the site to be repaired. 11. DNA ligase catalyzes the final reaction. 12. This process also occurs…
1. Are each of the following mutations silent, missense, nonsense, or frameshift mutations, why? The original coding DNA strand is: 5’-ATGGGACTAGATACC-3’. 2. 5’-ATGGGTCTAGATACC-3’ 3. 5’-ATGGGACTAAGATACC-3’ 4. 5’-ATGTGACTAGATACC-3’ 5. 5’-ATGGGACTAGTTACC-3’
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Describe the structure and location of a D-loop.
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