3) Which of the following is the best expression of the first law of thermodynamics? a. The total energy of the universe is equal to zero b. Euniverse constant - c. Euniverse = Esystem - Esurrondings d. AEsystem AEsurrondings 4) The rate of reaction depends upon a. the concentration and nature of reactants b. the temperature of the reaction c. whether or not a catalyst was used d. all of the above

3) Which of the following is the best expression of the first law of thermodynamics? a. The total energy of the universe is equal to zero b. Euniverse constant - c. Euniverse = Esystem - Esurrondings d. AEsystem AEsurrondings 4) The rate of reaction depends upon a. the concentration and nature of reactants b. the temperature of the reaction c. whether or not a catalyst was used d. all of the above

Chemistry for Engineering Students

4th Edition

ISBN:9781337398909

Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Chapter10: Entropy And The Second Law Of Thermodynamics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10.76PAE: Some say that the job of an engineer is to fight nature and the tendencies of entropy. (a) Does this...

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Explain in your own words what is meant by the term entropy. Explain how both matter spread and energy spread are related to the concept of entropy.
Using tabulated thermodynamic data, calculate G for these reactions. (a) Fe(s)+2HCl(g)FeCl2(s)+H2(g) (b) 3NO2(g)+H2O(l)2HNO3(l)+NO(g) (c) 2K(s)+Cl2(g)2KCl(s) (d) Cl2(g)+2NO(g)2NOCl(g) (e) SiCl4(g)Si(s)+2Cl2(g)
9.20 State the first law of thermodynamics briefly in your own words.
One statement of the second law of thermodynamics is that heat cannot be turned completely into work. Another is that the entropy of the universe always increases. How are these two statements related?
Using tabulated thermodynamic data, calculate G for these reactions. (a) Mg3N2(s)+6H2O(l)2NH3(g)+3Mg(OH)2(s) (b) 4CH3NH2(g)+9O2(g)4CO2(g)+10H2O(l)+2N2(g) (c) Fe3O(s)+4CO(g)3Fe(s)+4CO2(g) (d) P4O10(s)+6H2O(l)4H3PO4(aq)
What is the change in entropy, S, for the reaction CaCO3(s)+2H(aq)Ca2+(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g) See Table 18.1 for values of standard entropies. Does the entropy of the chemical system increase or decrease as you expect? Explain.
What is entropy? Why is entropy important?
Calculate S for the reaction C2H4(g)+3O2(g)2CO2(g)+2H2O(l) See Table 18.1 for values of standard entropies. Does the entropy of the chemical system increase or decrease as you expect? Explain.
Why is it usually easier to use G to determine the spontaneity of a process rather than Su ?
10.85 Iodine is not very soluble in water, but it dissolves readily in a solution containing iodide ions by the following reaction: I2(aq)+I(aq)I3(aq) The following graph shows the results of a study of the temperature dependence of G for this reaction. (The solid line is a best fit to the actual data points.) Notice that the quantity on the y axis is G/T , not just G. Additional data relevant to this reaction are also given in the table that follows the graph. (a) Calculate G for this reaction at 298 K. (DO NOT read this value off the graph. Use the data given to calculate a more accurate value.) (b) Determine H for this reaction. Assume that H is independent of T. (HINT: You will need to use the graph provided to find H . It may help if you realize that the graph is a straight line and then try to write an equation for that line
For the reaction NO(g)+NO2(g)N2O3(g) , use tabulated thermodynamic data to calculate H and S. Then use those values to answer the following questions. (a) Is this reaction spontaneous at 25°C? Explain your answer. (b) If the reaction is not spontaneous at 25°C, will it become spontaneous at higher temperatures or lower temperatures? (c) To show that your prediction is accurate, choose a temperature that corresponds to your prediction in part (b) and calculate G . (Assume that both enthalpy and entropy are independent of temperature.)
Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, modify to make the statement true. (a) An exothermic reaction is spontaneous. (b) When G is positive, the reaction cannot occur under any conditions. (c) S is positive for a reaction in which there is an increase in the number of moles. (d) If H and S are both negative, G will he negative.

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