6 3) Now put this information to use.... suggest a synthesis of 13b, a peptidomimetic inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2MPro enzyme, a key protease enzyme vital to the life cycle of the virus that causes COVID-19. The virusexpresses its proteins (including the famous spike protein, membrane proteins, proteins to hold the RNA andproteins responsible for replication) in two large polypeptides. The MPro enzyme acts like a scissors and cutsone of these large polypeptides apart into the individual active proteins. The inhibitor 13b covalentlymodifies the enzyme, prevents the release of the individual proteins and therefore inhibits the virus.OHH2NHO,13bHNpeptidomimetic inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2-MPro

Compound 13b is a SARS-CoV2 main protease inhibitor and is derivative of α-ketoamide inhibitor.…

Answered: 3) Now put this information to use....…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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1. Precise words:Find the nonspecific terms in the following sentences. Replace the nonspecific choices with more preciseterms or phrases (It is not necessary to change the sentence structure).(i) All OVE mutants showed enhanced iP concentrations.(ii) Plants were kept in the cold overnight.(iii) To provide proof of concept for our hypothesis, we studied a virus in its host cell.(iv) The present paper reports on continuing experiments that were performed to clarify thissurprising effect.(v) The first transition state is a little lower in energy than the second transition state. 2. Simple words:Improve the word choice in the following examples by replacing the underlined terms or phrases withsimpler word choices (do not change the sentence structure).(i) These data substantiate our hypothesis.(ii) The difference in our results compared to those of Reuter et al. (1995) can be accounted forby the fact that different conditions were used.(iii) For the purpose of discussing cell migration we…
Based on your knowledge of the COVID-19 genome (from question 6), what step(s) in the flow of biological information (DNA to RNA to Protein) are required for an infected human cell to produce a viral protein? Does the virus need access to the nucleus for this to happen?
Charged spherical viruses have polymer chains attached to their surfaces, e.g. they are ‘PEGelated’ in the language of a synthetic chemist. At what distance of separation does the entropic force due to the chains become significant compared with that due to the inter-virus electrostatic repulsion?
Let's imagine you have discovered a new RNA virus and found a cell line to grow the viruses (lucky you!). Early experiments show virus' genome to be single-stranded RNA but you are unsure if it is positive or negative RNA. Explain how using anisomycin, an eukaryotic protein synthesis inhibitor, could potentially provide an answer.
Can you please pick the right answer in each parentheses? The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a carbohydrate-modified protein that ["bind the RNA genome of the virus", "", "is on the surface of the viral particle", ""] and plays a role in both ["replication of the viral genome", "recognition of host cell"] and ["packaging of viral genome for export", "fusion of viral envelope with host cell plasma membrane"] . Importantly, earlier work on spike proteins from other corona viruses showed that this molecule ["remarkable resistance to immune response", "shows remarkable conformational changes"] and only one of these served as a good antigen for vaccine development. A critical discovery in advancing the development of our current vaccines was determining what changes in the amino acid sequence would ["block degradation of the spike protein", "stabilize the conformation of the protein found on the viral particle"]. This…
Explain in Biochemistry concepts like folding, and amino acids, enzyme reaction of MPro enzyme in connection to its role with the COVID-19 virus. asap please.
Research has found that 95% of the particles smaller or equal to the size of the COVID-19 virus will not penetrate through a mask. Based on molecular characteristics of surface molecules of the virus, why might this be?
The dUTPase enzyme is used by the African swine fever virus to repair its own DNA, as the cells the virus infects in swine do not express the dUTPase protein. Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for the role of the dUTPase in the virus lifecycle? Explain your choice in 25 words or less. The dUTPase is necessary to remove dUTP from the viral genome, as uracil should not be present in DNA The dUTPase is necessary to remove dUTP from the viral genome, as uridine cannot correctly base pair with adenine-containing bases The dUTPase is necessary to remove dUTP from the viral genome, as uridine has the wrong sugar component for building DNA More than one of the above answers is correct None of the above answers is correct
Researchers have been determining the nucleotide sequences of variant forms of SARS-CoV-2, looking for versions of the virus that might be more easily transmitted between humans or that might be more deadly. (a) For example, one mutation in a viral gene changed a GAU codon to a GGU codon. How does this change affect the sequence of the polypeptide encoded by that gene? (b) In another variant form of the virus, a gene is missing six consecutive nucleotides. How would this change affect the sequence of the polypeptide encoded by that gene? (c) In another coronavirus variant, the spike protein (the prominent protein on the surface of the virus) contains a histidine residue where an aspartate (aspartic acid) residue should be. Describe a point mutation in the coronavirus genome that could have caused this change in the spike protein.
Given that viruses must be cultivated to make vaccines against viral diseases, discuss the advantages and disadvantages that might occur with each approach (embryonated egg versus cell culture) to growing animal viruses.
The RNA genomes of some RNA viruses resemble the messenger RNA (mRNA) of their eukaryotic hosts. What advantage would an RNA virus gain by having this type of genome?
Describe the biosynthesis Filovirus (Marburg virus genome. Discuss the transcription of the virus genome into new virion particles. If you have an RNA virus you cannot just work in a DNA cell as you don’t have the correct enzymes to make more RNA from RNA. include if Filovirus (Marburg virus must package any special enzymes in order to be effective.

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