Need help with Anatomy homework 20. Look at Figure 4.pandom so odka. What do you notice about the protein channels in this picture?b. What is happening in the 4th channel?c. At what membrane potential do the sodium ion channels close and the potassium ion channelsopen?19d. Would you say the 4th channel is most likely voltage-gated, ligand-gated, or mechanically gated?Support your answer with evidence from the picture and reasoning.e. What will this do to the differences in charge across the membrane over time?21. Look at Figure 1.AUSTeidia. What does part D of the graph show?Sami 19va 50mmaq lonneilo odl dir/b. As mentioned in #18, this graph shows how voltage changes during an action potential. Part Arepresents a neuron in a resting state. Part B represents depolarization, a change within the cellresulting in less negative charge inside of the cell. Part C represents repolarization, a change inthe membrane potential where the cell returns to being more negative on the inside. Part Drepresents hyperpolarization, when the cell gets even more negative in charge before returningto its resting state, which can be referred to as a brief refractory period. Label each of these 4parts on Figure 1.c. Threshold is when enough ions start crossing the membrane that depolarization reaches thepoint of generating an action potential that can now travel long distances. Based on Model 3, atwhat voltage is the threshold level met?d. Refer back to what you've learned from Models 2 and 3. How do you think the restingmembrane potential of -70 mV in a neuron is restored after an action potential?e. Action potentials are all-or-nothing responses. Either they happen completely, when thethreshold is exceeded, or they don't happen at all. Each action potential is the same strength andmoves at the same speed. How then could the strength of a nerve impulse, which is generated byan action potential, send a bigger signal, such as in an emergency? READ: Proteins embedded in the cellmembrane, like the ones pictured in Model 2,can act as ion channels to allow specific ions tocross the membrane. These channels can bevoltage-gated, ligand-gated, or mechanically-gated. Voltage-gated channels open and closein response to changes in the membranepotential. Ligand-gated channels only openwhen a specific chemical (ligand), such as aneurotransmitter, binds to the channel.Mechanically gated channels only open if themembrane is stretched or physically deformed.The movement of ions through these types ofchannels is key to all electrical events inneurons, and thus to signal transmission. Themovement of a few ions results in a gradedpotential, a short-lived, localized change in themembrane potential that can vary in strength.The movement of lots of ions, exceeding thethreshold, can result in an action potential, achange in the membrane potential that is bigenough to conduct a nerve impulse.1+403010724B.M-20-70Voltage (mv)Control and Coordination UnitTime (ms)D4all to inoJalNa OKAmalanExtracellular,IntracellularAAnnuANa* OKAibo adExtracellularIntracellularAAAOAOExtracellularIntracellularAA0 00 0oooAprohibNa OKA pasrdaginA OAIt's Not Rocket Science 2019VINAsprenOOOΔΟ104OF CUREOTIANABRANDVagosAAAom of extow ang ▲alog cone SEDOl betestOOarsoamultits fritraton AAnAINTYYA0ASNAwode SloboM dauft ogutdoAO+35 mV16

Conceptual SummaryThe starting point of the original model is that the nerve membrane (specifically,…

Answered: 20. Look at Figure 4.gadmpin so om What…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

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Need help with Anatomy homework

20. Look at Figure 4.pandom so odk
a. What do you notice about the protein channels in this picture?
b. What is happening in the 4th channel?
c. At what membrane potential do the sodium ion channels close and the potassium ion channels
open?
19
d. Would you say the 4th channel is most likely voltage-gated, ligand-gated, or mechanically gated?
Support your answer with evidence from the picture and reasoning.
e. What will this do to the differences in charge across the membrane over time?
21. Look at Figure 1.
AUST
eidi
a. What does part D of the graph show?
Sami 19va 50m
maq lonneilo odl dir/
b. As mentioned in #18, this graph shows how voltage changes during an action potential. Part A
represents a neuron in a resting state. Part B represents depolarization, a change within the cell
resulting in less negative charge inside of the cell. Part C represents repolarization, a change in
the membrane potential where the cell returns to being more negative on the inside. Part D
represents hyperpolarization, when the cell gets even more negative in charge before returning
to its resting state, which can be referred to as a brief refractory period. Label each of these 4
parts on Figure 1.
c. Threshold is when enough ions start crossing the membrane that depolarization reaches the
point of generating an action potential that can now travel long distances. Based on Model 3, at
what voltage is the threshold level met?
d. Refer back to what you've learned from Models 2 and 3. How do you think the resting
membrane potential of -70 mV in a neuron is restored after an action potential?
e. Action potentials are all-or-nothing responses. Either they happen completely, when the
threshold is exceeded, or they don't happen at all. Each action potential is the same strength and
moves at the same speed. How then could the strength of a nerve impulse, which is generated by
an action potential, send a bigger signal, such as in an emergency?

Transcribed Image Text:READ: Proteins embedded in the cell membrane, like the ones pictured in Model 2, can act as ion channels to allow specific ions to cross the membrane. These channels can be voltage-gated, ligand-gated, or mechanically- gated. Voltage-gated channels open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. Ligand-gated channels only open when a specific chemical (ligand), such as a neurotransmitter, binds to the channel. Mechanically gated channels only open if the membrane is stretched or physically deformed. The movement of ions through these types of channels is key to all electrical events in neurons, and thus to signal transmission. The movement of a few ions results in a graded potential, a short-lived, localized change in the membrane potential that can vary in strength. The movement of lots of ions, exceeding the threshold, can result in an action potential, a change in the membrane potential that is big enough to conduct a nerve impulse. 1 +40 30 10724 B. M -20 -70 Voltage (mv) Control and Coordination Unit Time (ms) D 4 all to ino Jal Na O KA malan Extracellular, Intracellular A Annu A Na* O KAibo ad Extracellular Intracellular A A A OA O Extracellular Intracellular A A 0 0 0 0 ooo A prohib Na O KA pasrdagin A O A It's Not Rocket Science 2019 VIN A spren O O O ΔΟ 104 OF CURE O TIAN A BRAND Vagos A A A om of extow ang ▲alog cone SED Ol betest O Oarsoamultits fritraton A A n A INTYY A 0 A SNA wode SloboM d auft ogutdo A O +35 mV 16

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