2. Elizon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., announced the results of its first humantrial of NPI 32101, a topical form of its skin ointment. A total of 225patients diagnosed with skin irritations were randomly divided intothree groups as part of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to testthe effectiveness of the new topical cream. The first group received a0.5% cream, the second group received a 1.0% cream, and the thirdgroup received a placebo. Groups were treated twice daily for a 6-weekperiod.(a)What type of experimental design is this?(b)What is the control group for this study?(c)What is the factor that is set to predetermined levels? What is thetreatment?(d)What does it mean for this study to be double-blind?(e)Identify the experimental units.(f) Draw a diagram to illustrate the design.

“Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three subparts for…

Answered: 2. Elizon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Sleep apnea is a disorder in which there are pauses in breathing during sleep. People with this condition must wake up frequently to breathe. The article “Postoperative Complications in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Undergoing Hip or Knee Replacement: A Case-Control Study” (R. Gupta, J. Parvizi, et al., Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2001:897–905) reported that in a sample of 427 people 65 and over, 104 of them had sleep apnea. a) Find a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of those 65 and over who have sleep apnea. b) Find a 99% confidence interval for the proportion of those 65 and over who have sleep apnea. c) Find the sample size needed for a 95% confidence interval to specify the proportion to within ±0.03. d) Find the sample size needed for a 99% confidence interval to specify the proportion to within ±0.03.
2
Vitamin E and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: Klien et al (2011) conducted the following study to determine the effect of vitamin E and selenium treatment on the risk of developing prostate cancer in healthy men. A total of 34,887 men from different study sites in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico were randomly selected. To be eligible to participate, the men had to take a rectal examination that showed he was not suspicious of having prostate cancer and be aged 50 years or older for black men and 55 years or older for all others. Each man was randomly assigned to receive one of four treatments: selenium, vitamin E, selenium and vitamin E together, or a placebo. The men were followed up after 8 years to see if they had developed prostate cancer or not. The main question of interest is to determine if the risk of developing prostate cancer differs by the treatment taken. The data are summarized in the table below: No Prostate Cancer Prostate Cancer Total Selenium 8,752 8,737 8,702…
The Paleo diet allows only for foods that humans typically consumed over the last 2.5 million years, excluding those agriculture-type foods that arose during the last 10,000 years or so. Researchers randomly divided 500 volunteers into two equal-sized groups. One group spent 6 months on the Paleo diet. The other group received a pamphlet about controlling portion sizes. A randomized treatment assignment was performed, and at the beginning of the study, the average difference in weights between the two groups was about 0 pounds. After the study, the Paleo group had lost an average of 7.1 pounds with a standard deviation of 22.75 pounds while the control group had lost an average of 4.5 pounds with a standard deviation of 11.5 pounds. After failing to reject the null hypothesis support your answer with a p-value (a) P-value = _______
In randomized, double-blind clinical trials of a new vaccine, children were randomly divided into two groups. Subjects in group 1 received the new vaccine while subjects in group 2 received a control vaccine. After the second dose, 125 of 746 subjects in the experimental group (group 1) experienced fever as a side effect. After the second dose, 82 of 627 of the subjects in the control group (group 2) experienced fever as a side effect. Does the evidence suggest that a higher proportion of subjects in group 1 experienced fever as a side effect than subjects in group 2 at the a= 0.01 level of significance? Find the test statistic for this hypothesis test. (Round to two decimal places as needed.)
A researcher is creating a new treatment protocol for Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), a form of preleukemia. Following the old treatment protocol, 28% of patients with MDS will develop leukemia within 5 years of MDS diagnosis. He believes his new treatment protocol will lead to fewer MDS patients developing leukemia. He takes a random sample of 100 individuals on his new treatment protocol. Of these 100 individuals, 20 develop leukemia within 5 years of MDS diagnosis. In questions 8-9, create a 98% confidence interval for the true proportion of all MDS patients on this new treatment who will develop leukemia within 5 years of MDS diagnosis. What is the confidence interval? Do not round your answer. What is the interpretation of your confidence interval?
According to a certain government agency for a large country, the proportion of fatal traffic accidents in the country in which the driver had a positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is 0.38. Suppose a random sample of 105 traffic fatalities in a certain region results in 51 that involved a positive BAC. Does the sample evidence suggest that the region has a higher proportion of traffic fatalities involving a positive BAC than the country at the a = 0.01 level of significance? Because npo (1 - Po 10, the sample size is 5% of the population size, and the sample the requirements for testing the hypothesis satisfied. (Round to one decimal place as needed.) can be reasonably assumed to be random, What are the null and alternative hypotheses? is given to be random, cannot be reasonably assumed to be random, Ho: versus H,: (Type integers or decimals. Do not round.) is given to not be random, Find the test statistic, zo. Z0 = (Round to two decimal places as needed.) Find the P-value.…
ester Hollar is vice president for human resources for a large manufacturing company. In recent years, he has noticed an increase in absenteeism that he thinks is related to the general health of the employees. Four years ago, in an attempt to improve the situation, he began a fitness program in which employees exercise during their lunch hour. To evaluate the program, he selected a random sample of eight participants and found the number of days each was absent in the six months before the exercise program began and in the six months following the exercise program. Below are the results. Employee Before After 1 6 5 2 6 2 3 7 1 4 7 3 5 4 3 6 3 6 7 5 3 8 6 7 At the 0.05 significance level, can he conclude that the number of absences has declined? Estimate the p-value. State the decision rule for 0.05 significance level. (Round your answer to 3 decimal places.) Compute the test statistic. (Round your answer to 3 decimal places.)
In a study on the effect of an oral rinse on plaque buildup on teeth, sixteen people whose teeth were thoroughly cleaned and polished were randomly assigned to two groups of eight subjects each. Both groups were assigned to use oral rinses (no brushing) for a 2-week period. Group 1 used a rinse that contained an antiplaque agent. Group 2, the control group, received a similar rinse except that the rinse contained no antiplaque agent. A measure of plaque buildup was recorded at 14 days with means and standard deviations for the two groups shown in the table. Control Group Antiplaque Group Sample Size 8 8. Mean 1.22 0.77 Standard Deviation 0.33 0.33 n USE SALT (a) State the null and alternative hypotheses that should be used to test the effectiveness of the antiplaque oral rinse. O Ho: (H, - H2) = 0 versus H: (, - H2) 0 O Ho: (H1 - H2) = 0 versus H,: (H, - H2) > 0 O Ho: (H1 - H2) = 0 versus H.: (4, - H2) # 0 (b) Do the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that the oral…
In the largest clinical trial ever conducted, 401,974 children were randomly assigned to two groups. The treatment group consisted of 201,229 children given the Salk vaccine for polio, and the other 200,745 children were given a placebo. Among those in the treatment group, 33 developed polio, and among those in the placebo group, 115 developed polio. If we want to use the methods for testing a claim about two population proportions to test the claim that the rate of polio is less for children given the Salk vaccine, are the requirements for a hypothesis test satisfied? Explain. A The requirements are not satisfied; the samples are not simple random samples that are independent. B. The requirements are satisfied; the samples are simple random samples that are independent, and for each of the two groups, the number of successes is at least 5 and the number of failures is at least 5. C. The requirements are satisifed; the samples are simple random samples…
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In randomized, double-blind olinical trials of a new vaccine, rats were randomly divided into two groups. Subjects in group x received the new vaccine while subjects in group y received a control vaccine. After the first dose, 118 of 718 subjects in the experimental group (group x) experienced vamiting as a side effect. After the first dose, 74 of 619 of the subjects in the control group (group y) experienced vomiting as a side effect. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population proportions, P, - P, The 95% confidence interval for P,-P, is ( (Round to three decimal places as needed.)

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