2. A diploid human cell contains approximately 6.4 billion base pairs of DNA. a. How many nucleosomes are present in such a cell? (Assume that the linker DNA between each nucleosome encompasses 40 bp.) 6.4 billion base pairs / (147 base pairs + 40 base pairs) = ~43 million nucleosomes. b. How many histone proteins are complexed with this DNA?

2. A diploid human cell contains approximately 6.4 billion base pairs of DNA. a. How many nucleosomes are present in such a cell? (Assume that the linker DNA between each nucleosome encompasses 40 bp.) 6.4 billion base pairs / (147 base pairs + 40 base pairs) = ~43 million nucleosomes. b. How many histone proteins are complexed with this DNA?

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter19: Genomes And Proteomes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12TYK

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Below is a sequence of 540 bases from a genome. What information would you use to find the beginnings and ends of open reading frames? How many open reading frames can you find in this sequence? Which open reading frame is likely to represent a protein- coding sequence, and why? Which are probably not functioning protein-coding sequences, and why? Note: for simplicitys sake, analyze only this one strand of the DNA double helix, reading from left to right, so you will only be analyzing three of the six reading frames shown in Figure 19.4.
A beginning genetics student is attempting to complete an assignment to draw a base pair from a DNA molecule. The drawing is incomplete, and the student does not know how to finish. He asks for your advice. The assignment sheet shows that the drawing is to contain three hydrogen bonds, a purine, and a pyrimidine. From your knowledge of the pairing rules and the number of hydrogen bonds in A/T and G/C base pairs, what base pair do you help the student draw?
A major difference between hereditary information in eukaryotes and prokaryotes is: a. in prokaryotes, the hereditary information is distributed among individual, linear DNA molecules in the nucleus. b. in eukaryotes, the hereditary information is encoded in a single, circular DNA molecule. c. in prokaryotes, the hereditary information is usually distributed among multiple circular DNA molecules in the cytoplasm. d. in eukaryotes, the hereditary information is distributed among individual, linear DNA molecules in the cytoplasm. e. in eukaryotes, the hereditary information is distributed amoung individual, linear DNA molecules in the nucleus.
Homologous Recombination, Heteroduplex DNA, and Mismatch Repair Homologous recombination in E. coli leads to the formation of regions of heteroduplex DNA. By definition, such regions contain mismatched bases. Why doesnâ€™t the mismatch repair system of E. coli eliminate these mismatches?
If the rate of replication in a particular prokaryote is 900 nucleotides per second, how long would it take 1.2 million base pair genomes to make two copies?
Helicase Unwinding of the E. coli Chromosome Hexameric helicases, such as DnaB, the MCM proteins, and papilloma virus El helicase (illustrated in Figures 16.22 to 16.25), unwind DNA by passing one strand of the DNA duplex through the central pore, using a mechanism based on ATP-dependent binding interactions with the bases of that strand. The genome of E. coli K12 consists of 4,686,137 nucleotides. Assuming that DnaB functions like papilloma virus El helicase, from the information given in Chapter 16 on ATP-coupled DNA unwinding, calculate how many molecules of ATP would be needed to completely unwind the E. coli K 12 chromosome.
In the context of cell biology, what do we mean by form follows function? What are at least two examples of this concept?
Heteroduplex DNA Formation in Recombination From the information in Figures 28.17 and 28.18, diagram the recombinational event leading to the formation of a heteroduplex DNA region within a bacteriophage chromosome.
When the human genome sequence was finally completed, scientists were surprised to discover that the genome contains far fewer genes than expected. How many genes are present in the human genome? Scientists have also found that there are many more different kinds of proteins in human cells than there are different genes in the genome. How can this be explained?
The two complementary strands of the DNA double helix are held to each other by (a) ionic bonds between deoxyribose molecules (b) ionic bonds between phosphate groups (c) covalent bonds between nucleotide bases (d) covalent bonds between deoxyribose molecules (e) hydrogen bonds between nucleotide bases
Functional Consequences of Y-Family DNA Polymerase Structure The eukaryotic translesion DNA polymerases fall into the Y family of DNA polymerases. Structural studies reveal that their fingers and thumb domains are small and stubby (see Figure 28.10). In addition, Y-family polymerase active sites are more open and less constrained where base pairing leads to selection of a dNTP substrate for the polymerase reaction. Discuss the relevance of these structural differences. Would you expect Y-family polymerases to have 3-exonuclease activity? Explain your answer.
Which of the following codes describes position 12 on the long arm of chromosome 13? 13p12 13q12 12p13 12q13