2-naphthol benzoic acid sodium benzoate ethyl p-aminobenzoate biphenyl H2N. OH Na 2.70 1.87 -2.27 1.86 4.01 Figure 1. octanol-water partition coefficients log10Poctanol water for organic compounds We can use this to calculate the distribution of a compound between the two phases. For example, take 2-naphthol: the value of log 10P for this compound is calculated to be 2.70. [2 – naphthol]octanol [2-naphthol]water 102.70 = 5.0 × 10² The percentage of 2-naphthol in water is given by: [2-naphthol]water [2-naphthol]octanol + [2-naphthol]water %[2-naphthol],water = 100 ×

2-naphthol benzoic acid sodium benzoate ethyl p-aminobenzoate biphenyl H2N. OH Na 2.70 1.87 -2.27 1.86 4.01 Figure 1. octanol-water partition coefficients log10Poctanol water for organic compounds We can use this to calculate the distribution of a compound between the two phases. For example, take 2-naphthol: the value of log 10P for this compound is calculated to be 2.70. [2 – naphthol]octanol [2-naphthol]water 102.70 = 5.0 × 10² The percentage of 2-naphthol in water is given by: [2-naphthol]water [2-naphthol]octanol + [2-naphthol]water %[2-naphthol],water = 100 ×

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: When ΔG for an isolated system is equal to zero, the system is said to be a. In a phase transition…

A: Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential which can be used to calculate the maximum reversible…

Q: For each system listed in the first column of the table below, decide (if possible) whether the…

A: Answer: Entropy is the measure of system's disorderliness or randomness. In more possible states…

Q: ential scanning calorimetry of B-Lactoglobulin (Big), a milk protein with a molecular weight of 18.4…

A: β-Lactoglobulin (βlg) is a milk protein which is commonly found in milk of mammals such as cow,…

Q: Distinguish between spontaneity criteria of simple and nonsimple system in terms of gibbs and…

A: For a spontaneous process, change in Gibbs free energy is negative because the energy of the system…

Q: determine hvap for these values

A: The Clausius-Clapeyron equation is used to calculate the vapor pressure of a liquid at the desired…

Q: Imagine you have four difference systems, each with only two possible states. The temperate and…

A: Partition function depend on both energy and temperature. Upon increasing temperature, partition…

Q: What features are expected with rising distance for a radial distribution plot [g(r)] of a system in…

Q: Q3: The ratio between the translational partition function of Hz to that of unknown gas X2 at 400 K…

A: Given: The ratio between the translational partition function of H2 to unknown gas is 70. This…

Q: Suppose you have 0.01moles of an organic solid in 100ml of water. The partition coefficient P…

Q: With an appropriate example explain the concept of residual entropy.

A: Residual entropy : The calculated molar entropy if differs from experimental entropy , then the…

Q: For each system listed in the first column of the table below, decide (if possible) whether the…

A: Ammonium iodide, NH4Br ionizes in aqueous solution as below. NH4Br (s) --------> NH4Br (aq)…

Q: 3. Using the energy data provided in table 1, please determine the AG values for the D and L…

Q: For each system listed in the first column of the table below, decide (if possible) whether the…

A: A question based on second law of thermodynamics. 3 statements regarding the changes made to the…

Q: Thermophysical properties of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (refrigerant HFC-134a) has been published (R.…

Q: Snitial Sinal B Sfinal A Sanal Sinal 13V3 Based on the image, which system has a AS of zero?

A: S i.e entropy of any system is defined as the randomness in the movement of the molecules. Hence ΔS…

Q: a. What is the mathematical formula summarizing the Gibb's Phase Rule? Define the meaning of the…

A: (a) Answer - Gibbs Phase Rule - The Gibbs phase rule p+n=c+1 gives the relationship between the…

Q: (iv) Given that the partition function for a monoatomic, ideal gas is given by: 9r = where A = (…

Q: A chart is prepared by plotting In Ksp versus 1/T, using data obtained by performing a lab…

A: We have plot of lnKsp Vs 1/T with equation of line as y = (-4.976x10^3)x+(1.9900x10^1) . We have to…

Q: 298K). If 3.45g of silver sulfate is added to 1.75L of water, will it l dissolve? Show your…

Q: An experiment was designed to increase the temperature by burning 500 mg of methyl alcohol, which is…

A: Given : Mass of 2,3-Benzanthracene burned = 5 mg = 0.005 g (Since 1 g =…

Q: 5.Derive Entropy of mixing for an ideal solution derive ASmix= -k(N,LnX,+N„LnXs) using i. Classical…

A: Entropy of mixing, in thermodynamics, is the increase in the total entropy when several initially…

Q: 29. When CH CN is refluxed with aqueous KOH the prinicipa organic product is A) CH,OH C) CH CONH, by…

Q: For each system listed in the first column of the table below, decide (if possible) whether the…

Q: 6. Consider the chemical equation: CO₂ + H₂O → CeH12O6 +0₂ To balance this equation, place…

A: A balanced equation is one in which there are an equal number of each type of atom on both sides of…

Q: Bioaccumulation is problematic and of greatest environmental concern under which condition: A)…

Q: Explain the order of the experimentally observed entropies of Are), Nze) and Br2g) in the gas phase…

A: Entropy of the substance is the amount of energy that is present in system but cannot be converted…

Q: Given the expression for Helmholtz Free energy: F=U-TS+µN → dF=-SdT-PdV+μdN. Derive the Maxwell…

Q: For each system listed in the first column of the table below, decide (if possible) whether the…

A: A question based on second law of thermodynamics. A set of 3 subdivision questions are given that…

Q: (a) Given that U – U(0) = kT² (d), (where U(0) is the internal energy at T = 0), derive…

Q: Methyl viologen (also called paraquat) is a redox active dye that is blue in the reduced state and…

A: The problem is asking us to find the concentration of a methyl viologen solution using Beer's law.…

Q: a chlorination reaction at 298 K is 5:3.8:1. Using this information, calculate the percentage of…

A: 2) Solution -

Q: Derive the generalized Gibbs equations, considering chemical potentials and more than one phase.

A: The Gibbs-Duhem equation is a fundamental relationship in thermodynamics that describes the…

Q: Estimate the organic carbon partition coefficient Koc of benzene from (a) solubility and (b) logKow…

A: Interpretation - To estimate the organic carbon partition coefficient Koc of benzene from (a)…

Q: Suppose an ideal gas occupies a partitioned volume V1 inside a thermally-insulated box. When the…

Q: A certain atom has a 4-fold degenerate ground level, a 3-fold degenerate electronically excited…

A: The conversion of energy in cm-1 to joule is done using the below equation in which h is the…

Q: None

A: Steps to find perform Anova: Two-Factor With Replication in Excel (we will need to perform…

Q: For each system listed in the first column of the table below, decide (if possible) whether the…

A: on mixing of ideal gases, entropy always increase that is ∆S> 0. because ideal gases donot…

Q: S-5 Which one is NOT correct? A. The partial molar volume can be negative but molar volume cannot be…

A: Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Concept explainers

Photochemistry

Photochemistry is the part of chemistry that studies the various mechanisms of reactions that are triggered by the presence of light energy. It also helps to study the changes involved in a molecule that can undergo the absorption of radiation.

Question

2-naphthol
benzoic acid
sodium benzoate
ethyl p-aminobenzoate
biphenyl
H2N.
Na
2.70
1.87
-2.27
1.86
4.01
Figure 1. octanol-water partition coefficients log1,Poctanol water for organic compounds
We can use this to calculate the distribution of a compound between the two phases. For
example, take 2-naphthol: the value of log 10P for this compound is calculated to be 2.70.
[2 – naphthol]octanol
[2-naphthol]water
102.70 = 5.0 × 10²
The percentage of 2-naphthol in water is given by:
[2-naphthol]water
[2-naphthol]octanol + [2-naphthol]water
%[2-naphthol],water = 100 x
Assuming partition between equal volumes of organic and aqueous phase, what percentage of
each of the compounds will be present in the water layer (show working)?
Benzoic acid
Ethyl p-aminobenzoate
Biphenyl

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

This is a popular solution!

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

ANSWER

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 6 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

For each system listed in the first column of the table below, decide (if possible) whether the change described in the second column will increase the entropy S of the system, decrease S, or leave S unchanged. If you don't have enough information to decide, check the "not enough information" button in the last column. Note for advanced students: you may assume ideal gas and ideal solution behaviour.
Please explain
Consider a volume V filled with N atoms of monatomic ideal gas. What is the Helmholtz energy of this system? (Be sure to substitute the form of any relevant partition function(s) from your formula sheet). BasedontheThermodynamicsquare,whatistherelationshipbetweenHelmholtz energy and pressure. (Give a general thermodynamic expression not involving the par- tition function.) Combineyourprevioustwoanswerstogenerateasimplifiedexpression(involving no derivatives) for the pressure of the ideal monatomic gas
Spontaneity criteria of simple and non simple systems in terms of Gibbs and Helmholtz free energy
For molecular oxygen, So298 = 205.138 J K-1 mol-1. Find So at Temp 1315 K for O2 given that Cop (J K-1 mol-1) = 25.72 + 12. 98x10-3 T – 38.62 x 10-7 T2 Note that: del S = So final – So initial, answer in J K-1 mol-1
Determine the molecular partition function, ?.
For each system listed in the first column of the table below, decide (if possible) whether the change described in the second column will increase the entropy S of the system, decrease S, or leave S unchanged. If you don't have enough information to decide, check the "not enough information" button in the last column. Note for advanced students: you may assume ideal gas and ideal solution behaviour. System Change AS AS 0 not enough information AS 0 both at 37.°C. flows through the bag into the sucrose solution. not enough information AS 0 and 22°C. pressure kept constant at 2 atm. not enough information
Give answer. ASAP
Consider the 1-butene (1) / n-butane (2) system at 328.15 K. Table 1. Experimental data for the 1-butene (1)/n-butane (2) system at 328.15 K P [Kpa] X1 Y: P (Kpa] X1 Y₁ 64.435 0.000 0.000 72.434 0.600 0.639 65.955 0.102 0.122 73.581 0.700 0.732 67.368 0.200 0.233 74.701 0.799 0.823 68.741 0.300 0.341 75.780 0.900 0.912 70.061 0.400 0.445 76.780 1.000 1.000 71.287 0.500 0.543 A. Using Raoult's Law, predict the system pressure and vapor-phase composition for this mixture. B. Provide the Pxy plot for this mixture as computed with (A). C. Compare the results of the modeling with the set of experimental data provided for this system in the table below. Plot the data (as points) on the same plot as your model (line). D. Is this system properly modeled by Raoult's Law? Why or why not?
List the 3 kinds of contributions that can be made by a heteroatom in a system:
O ENTROPY AND FREE ENERGY Predicting qualitatively how entropy changes with mixing and. O 0/5 Nerbs V For each system listed in the first column of the table below, decide (if possible) whether the change described in the second column will increase the entropy S of the system, decrease S, or leave S unchanged. If you don't have enough information to decide, check the "not enough information" button in the last column. Note for advanced students: you may assume ideal gas and ideal solution behaviour. System Change AS 20. L of pure oxygen (O,) gas and O AS 0 32°C. not enough O information O AS 0 not enough O information O AS 0 not enough O information Explanation Check O 2022 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center| Accessibility IA n DEI o search 99+ o o o C